{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T04:22:30Z","timestamp":1793334150937,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]]},"DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T07:02:08Z","timestamp":1596524528000},"page":"1649-1655","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Epidemiological Investigation of a Rift Valley Fever Outbreak in Humans and Livestock in Kenya, 2018"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Abdala","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathew","family":"Muturi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Zoonotic Disease Unit, Nairobi, Kenya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athman","family":"Mwatondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Zoonotic Disease Unit, Nairobi, Kenya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Omolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Zoonotic Disease Unit, Nairobi, Kenya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Bett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solomon","family":"Gikundi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Laboratory Service, Nairobi, Kenya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Limbaso","family":"Konongoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Virus Research, Nairobi, Kenya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Ofula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Virus Research, Nairobi, Kenya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyndah","family":"Makayotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Disease Surveillance and Response, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Kasiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Veterinary Services, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Nairobi, Kenya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Oele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clayton","family":"Onyango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeinab","family":"Gura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kariuki","family":"Njenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State University Global Health Program-Kenya, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peninah","family":"Munyua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres\/2010033","article-title":"Rift Valley fever virus (Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus): an update on pathogenesis, molecular epidemiology, vectors, diagnostics and prevention","volume":"41","author":"Pepin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006627","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006627","article-title":"Systematic literature review of Rift Valley fever virus seroprevalence in livestock, wildlife and humans in Africa from 1968 to 2016","volume":"12","author":"Clark","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.27.2.1802","article-title":"The impact of climate change on the epidemiology and control of Rift Valley fever","volume":"27","author":"Martin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech"},{"key":"b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0450","article-title":"Relationship of climate, geography, and geology to the incidence of Rift Valley fever in Kenya during the 2006\u20132007 outbreak","volume":"86","author":"Hightower","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0292","article-title":"Rift Valley fever outbreak in livestock in Kenya, 2006\u20132007","volume":"83","author":"Macharia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"b6","first-page":"460","article-title":"Effects of irrigation and rainfall on the population dynamics of Rift Valley fever and other arbovirus mosquito vectors in the epidemic-prone Tana River County, Kenya","volume":"54","author":"Sang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"b7","first-page":"51","article-title":"Rift Valley fever","volume-title":"The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology","volume":"Volume IV","author":"Megan","year":"1989"},{"key":"b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.23.2.1500","article-title":"Rift Valley fever","volume":"23","author":"Gerdes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech"},{"key":"b9","first-page":"205","article-title":"The pathology of Rift Valley fever. I. Lesions occurring in natural cases in new-born lambs","volume":"44","author":"Coetzer","year":"1977","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J Vet Res"},{"key":"b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0288","article-title":"An investigation of a major outbreak of Rift Valley fever in Kenya: 2006\u20132007","volume":"83","author":"Nguku","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.3390\/v3050493","article-title":"The pathogenesis of Rift Valley fever","volume":"3","author":"Ikegami","year":"2011","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0161576","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161576","article-title":"Prioritization of zoonotic diseases in Kenya","volume":"11","author":"Munyua","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0291","article-title":"An assessment of the regional and national socio-economic impacts of the 2007 Rift Valley fever outbreak in Kenya","volume":"83","author":"Rich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"b14","volume-title":"Kenya Meteorology Department-Review of March-April-May (MAM) 2018 Seasonal Rainfall","year":"2018"},{"key":"b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006353","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006353","article-title":"Enhanced surveillance for Rift Valley fever in livestock during El Ni\u00f1o rains and threat of RVF outbreak, Kenya, 2015\u20132016","volume":"12","author":"Oyas","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"b16","volume-title":"Rift Valley Fever","year":"2018"},{"key":"b17","volume-title":"Rift Valley Fever: OIE - World Organisation for Animal Health","year":"2019"},{"key":"b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2007.131265","article-title":"Undiagnosed acute viral febrile illnesses, Sierra Leone","volume":"20","author":"Schoepp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0144570","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144570","article-title":"Predictive factors and risk mapping for Rift Valley fever epidemics in Kenya","volume":"11","author":"Munyua","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2013.81","article-title":"The risk of Rift Valley fever virus introduction and establishment in the United States and European Union","volume":"2","author":"Rolin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(02)00295-9","article-title":"Rift Valley fever: an uninvited zoonosis in the Arabian peninsula","volume":"21","author":"Balkhy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810001020","article-title":"Rift Valley fever in Kenya: history of epizootics and identification of vulnerable districts","volume":"139","author":"Murithi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"b23","first-page":"169","article-title":"Recent outbreaks of Rift Valley fever in East Africa and the Middle East","volume":"2","author":"Himeidan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Public Heal"},{"key":"b24","first-page":"GH14A-07","article-title":"Rift Valley fever outbreak in East Africa: signature of climate extremes","volume-title":"AGUFM","volume":"2018","author":"Anyamba","year":"2018"},{"key":"b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.234.7.883","article-title":"Rift Valley fever virus","volume":"234","author":"Bird","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.34.2.2364","article-title":"Rift Valley fever","volume":"34","author":"Paweska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech"},{"key":"b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0318","article-title":"Epidemiologic and clinical aspects of a Rift Valley fever outbreak in humans in Tanzania, 2007","volume":"83","author":"Mohamed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1229","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001229","article-title":"The 2007 Rift Valley fever outbreak in Sudan","volume":"5","author":"Hassan","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2002.131000","article-title":"Rift Valley fever outbreak, southern Mauritania, 2012","volume":"20","author":"Sow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0293","article-title":"Risk factors for severe Rift Valley fever infection in Kenya, 2007","volume":"83","author":"Anyangu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-014-0560-y","article-title":"Poverty and health care demand in Kenya","volume":"14","author":"Awiti","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"b32","first-page":"28024","article-title":"A systematic review of Rift Valley fever epidemiology 1931\u20132014","volume":"5","author":"Nanyingi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Ecol Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T17:42:12Z","timestamp":1611769332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajtmh.org\/doi\/10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0387"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0387","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]]}}}