{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:42:17Z","timestamp":1792672937216,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612310400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent enhanced monkeypox (MPX) surveillance in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where MPX is endemic, has uncovered multiple cases of MPX and varicella zoster virus (VZV) coinfections. The purpose of this study was to verify if coinfections occur and to characterize the clinical nature of these cases. Clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory results were used to investigate MPX\/VZV coinfections. A coinfection was defined as a patient with at least one <jats:italic>Orthopoxvirus<\/jats:italic>\/MPX-positive sample and at least one VZV-positive sample within the same disease event. Between September 2009 and April 2014, 134 of the 1,107 (12.1%) suspected MPX cases were confirmed as MPX\/VZV coinfections. Coinfections were more likely to report symptoms than VZV-alone cases and less likely than MPX-alone cases. Significantly higher lesion counts were observed for coinfection cases than for VZV-alone but less than MPX-alone cases. Discernible differences in symptom and rash severity were detected for coinfection cases compared with those with MPX or VZV alone. Findings indicate infection with both MPX and VZV could modulate infection severity. Collection of multiple lesion samples allows for the opportunity to detect coinfections. As this program continues, it will be important to continue these procedures to assess variations in the proportion of coinfected cases over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T07:03:36Z","timestamp":1607411016000},"page":"604-611","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"title":["A Tale of Two Viruses: Coinfections of Monkeypox and Varicella Zoster Virus in the Democratic Republic of Congo"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindy","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"},{"name":"3Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Whitni B.","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kay W.","family":"Radford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Viral Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Wilkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Monroe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen G.","family":"Metcalfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toutou","family":"Likafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert Shongo","family":"Lushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Ministry of Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joelle","family":"Kabamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Nguete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Malekani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Department of Biology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Pukuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9Institut National de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stomy","family":"Karhemere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9Institut National de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Jacques","family":"Muyembe Tamfum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9Institut National de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emile","family":"Okitolonda Wemakoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary G.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Scott","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Viral Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea M.","family":"McCollum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/104\/2\/article-p604.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/104\/2\/article-p604.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T01:42:19Z","timestamp":1612834939000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/104\/2\/article-p604.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0589","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]]}}}