{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T10:46:30Z","timestamp":1792752390922,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620172800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite estimates suggesting <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> spp. being endemic in Southeast Asia, evidence remains limited. Diagnostic accuracy evaluations based on <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> ELISA mainly rely on hospitalized and severe patients; therefore, studies measuring the pathogen burden may be inaccurate in the community. We evaluated the Panbio <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> ELISA IgM among 656 febrile outpatients attending primary care in Chiangrai, Thailand, and Hlaing Tha Yar, Yangon, Myanmar. ELISA demonstrated limited diagnostic accuracy for the detection of acute leptospiral infection using the manufacturer recommended cutoff, with a sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 36.4%, and an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve value of 0.65 (95% CI: 0.41\u20130.89), compared with our reference test, the PCR assay. ELISA also performed poorly as a screening tool for detecting recent exposure to <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> spp. compared with the \u201cgold-standard\u201d microscopic agglutination test, with a specificity of 42.7%. We conclude that the utility of the <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> IgM ELISA for both serodiagnosis and seroprevalence is limited in our setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T20:29:02Z","timestamp":1615840142000},"page":"1777-1781","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Evaluation of the Panbio Leptospira IgM ELISA among Outpatients Attending Primary Care in Southeast Asia"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Sandhya","family":"Dhawan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Research Medicine Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Althaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Research Medicine Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;"},{"name":"2Nuffield Department of Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoel","family":"Lubell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Research Medicine Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;"},{"name":"2Nuffield Department of Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duangjai","family":"Suwancharoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Livestock Development, National Institute of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart D.","family":"Blacksell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Research Medicine Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;"},{"name":"2Nuffield Department of Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;"},{"name":"4Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People\u2019s Democratic Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/104\/5\/article-p1777.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/104\/5\/article-p1777.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T20:41:53Z","timestamp":1629924113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/104\/5\/article-p1777.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0818","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]]}}}