{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T05:54:44Z","timestamp":1789192484297,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614729600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>All U.S.-bound refugees from sub-Saharan Africa receive presumptive antimalarial treatment before departing for the United States. Among U.S.-bound Congolese refugees, breakthrough malaria cases and persistent splenomegaly have been reported. In response, an enhanced malaria diagnostic program was instituted. Here, we report the prevalence of plasmodial infection among 803 U.S.-bound Congolese refugees who received enhanced diagnostics. Infections by either rapid diagnostic test (RDT) or PCR were detected in 187 (23%) refugees, with 78 (10%) by RDT only, 35 (4%) by PCR only, and 74 (9%) by both. Infections identified by PCR included 103 monoinfections (87 <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>, eight <jats:italic>Plasmodium ovale<\/jats:italic>, seven <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic>, and one <jats:italic>Plasmodium malariae<\/jats:italic>) and six mixed infections. Splenomegaly was associated with malaria detectable by RDT (odds ratio: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.0\u20133.0), but not by PCR. Splenomegaly was not strongly associated with parasitemia, indicating that active malaria parasitemia is not necessary for splenomegaly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T07:01:10Z","timestamp":1611039670000},"page":"996-999","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence of Malaria Parasite Infections among U.S.-Bound Congolese Refugees with and without Splenomegaly"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Moses","family":"Mwesigwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1International Organization for Migration, Kampala, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"},{"name":"3Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam Lubwama","family":"Nsobya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Rowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukunda Singh","family":"Basnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1International Organization for Migration, Kampala, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina R.","family":"Phares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Weinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Klosovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1International Organization for Migration, Kampala, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwan","family":"Naoum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1International Organization for Migration, Kampala, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William M.","family":"Stauffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"},{"name":"7Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/104\/3\/article-p996.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/104\/3\/article-p996.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T17:29:02Z","timestamp":1614792542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/104\/3\/article-p996.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0924","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]}}}