{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:23:12Z","timestamp":1792650192171,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Snakebites continue to be a public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa, where availability of appropriate medical treatment is rare, even though death and disability can be prevented with timely intervention. A challenge is the lack of sociopolitical studies to inform health policies. This study aimed to identify snakebite patient profiles, healthcare workers\u2019 (HCWs) knowledge of snakebite, and facilities\u2019 snakebite treatment capacity in Kenya, Uganda, and Zambia to inform interventions to improve access to appropriate treatment. The research comprised a cross-sectional key informant survey among HCWs from health facilities in Kenya (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 145), Uganda (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 144), and Zambia (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 108). Data were collected between March 2018 and November 2019. Most of the HCWs suggested that the number of snakebite incidents was similar between the genders, that most patients were aged 21\u201330 years, and most people were bitten when farming or walking. Overall, only 12% of HCWs had received formal training in snakebite management. Only about 20% of HCWs in each country said their health facility had the medicines needed to treat snakebites, with antivenom available in 0\u201334% of facilities across the sectors and countries, and snakebites were not systematically recorded. This research shows that an integrative approach through policies to increase resource allocation for health system strengthening, including community education, HCW training, and improved access to snakebite treatment, is needed. Part of this approach should include regulations that ensure antivenoms available in health facilities meet quality control standards and that snakebites are accommodated into routine reporting systems to assess progress.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T02:01:40Z","timestamp":1606183300000},"page":"774-782","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["The Current State of Snakebite Care in Kenya, Uganda, and Zambia: Healthcare Workers\u2019 Perspectives and Knowledge, and Health Facilities\u2019 Treatment Capacity"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Gaby I.","family":"Ooms","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Health Action International, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;"},{"name":"2Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janneke","family":"van Oirschot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Health Action International, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Waldmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Health Action International, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"von Bernus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Health Action International, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendrika A.","family":"van den Ham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aukje K.","family":"Mantel-Teeuwisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Health Action International, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/104\/2\/article-p774.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/104\/2\/article-p774.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T21:20:47Z","timestamp":1612819247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/104\/2\/article-p774.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1078","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]]}}}