{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T04:17:19Z","timestamp":1770351439900,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Vietnam is a rabies-endemic country where eating dog meat is customary. However, the risks of rabies transmission to dog slaughtering and processing workers have not been identified. This study aimed to determine the rabies neutralizing antibody (NTA) and risk factors in dog slaughterers to propose appropriate intervention methods for this occupational group. In 2016, a cross-sectional study on NTA against rabies virus and related factors was conducted among 406 professional dog slaughterers in Vietnam. The participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire, and their sera were tested for rabies NTA by a rapid focus fluorescence inhibition test. Statistical algorithms were used to analyze the data. The results showed that most of the professional dog butchers (344\/406 subjects, 84.7%) had no rabies NTA. Interestingly, 7.8% (29\/373) had NTA without a rabies vaccination history. Over 5 years of experience as a dog butcher was positively associated with the presence of NTA in unvaccinated individuals (OR = 6.16, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001). The NTA in vaccinated butchers was present in higher titer and for longer persistence to those of other previously reported professionals, which is possibly as a result of multiple exposures to low levels of rabies virus antigens during dog slaughtering. Our study demonstrated that professional dog butchers in Vietnam are at a high risk of rabies virus infection, apart from those with common bite experiences. In countries where dog meat consumption is customary, rabies control and prevention activities should focus on safety during dog trading and slaughtering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T13:57:27Z","timestamp":1627912647000},"page":"788-793","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Risk Factors and Protective Immunity Against Rabies in Unvaccinated Butchers Working at Dog Slaughterhouses in Northern Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Anh Kieu Thi","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Imaging, Diagnostics and Testing, Hanoi Center for Disease Control, Hanoi, Vietnam;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anh Hoang","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Malaria, Parasite and Vector Borne Diseases, Hanoi Center for Disease Control, Hanoi, Vietnam;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thu Tuyet","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong Vinh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giang Chau","family":"Ngo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thai Quang","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam;"},{"name":"7Department of Biostatistics and Medical Information, IPMPH, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Veterinary Science, Japan National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Nishizono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/105\/3\/article-p788.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/105\/3\/article-p788.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T13:03:52Z","timestamp":1632402232000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/105\/3\/article-p788.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1172","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]}}}