{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T18:15:53Z","timestamp":1788200153244,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The American Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic has highlighted the need to gain a better understanding of this emerging virus. The goal of this study was to describe the clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and risk factors for symptomatic ZIKV infection in an area with ongoing transmission of other arboviral infections. We recruited patients at least 2 years of age seeking care at public health centers in Le\u00f3n, Nicaragua, between January 2016 and August 2017, for fever, maculopapular rash, and\/or nonsuppurative conjunctivitis with a duration of less than 1 week. A laboratory diagnosis of ZIKV was established using a combination of molecular and serological tests. Clinical and laboratory findings and potential risk factors were compared between participants with and without acute ZIKV infection. Fifty-eight (26%) of the 225 participants included in the analysis were found to have acute ZIKV infection. Pregnancy and reports of previous arboviral infection were associated with a higher risk of ZIKV infection. Rash, conjunctivitis, sore throat, and lower absolute neutrophil counts were associated with acute ZIKV infection. The clinical characteristics and risk factors identified were consistent with those identified by previous studies; however, we found sore throat to be a feature of ZIKV infection. We also found that neutrophil counts were lower in ZIKV-infected subjects. These clinical symptoms and laboratory data may help clinicians suspect ZIKV infection during future outbreaks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T12:22:18Z","timestamp":1628511738000},"page":"924-930","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Acute Zika Virus Infections in Le\u00f3n, Nicaragua"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Natalie M.","family":"Bowman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filem\u00f3n","family":"Bucardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Nicaragua-Le\u00f3n, Nicaragua;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew H.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3The Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaoska","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Nicaragua-Le\u00f3n, Nicaragua;"},{"name":"4Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwing","family":"Centeno Cuadra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Nicaragua-Le\u00f3n, Nicaragua;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Blette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Premkumar","family":"Lakshmanane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique Paulo","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Rubinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guei-Jiun Alice","family":"Liou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aravinda M.","family":"de Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Becker-Dreps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;"},{"name":"10Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/105\/4\/article-p924.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/105\/4\/article-p924.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]],"date-time":"2021-10-06T18:40:21Z","timestamp":1633545621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/105\/4\/article-p924.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1191","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]]}}}