{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T16:24:19Z","timestamp":1787934259473,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    It is about half a century since free-living amoebae were recognized as pathogenic organisms, but there is still much we should learn about these rare fatal human infectious agents. A recently introduced causative agent of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis,\n                    <jats:italic>Balamuthia mandrillaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    , has been reported in a limited number of countries around the world. A 3-year-old girl was referred to our tertiary hospital because of inability to establish a proper diagnosis. She had been experiencing neurologic complaints including ataxia, altered level of consciousness, dizziness, seizure, and left-sided hemiparesis. The patient's history, physical examination results, and laboratory investigations had led to a wide differential diagnosis. Computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging analyses revealed multiple mass lesions. As a result, the patient underwent an intraoperative frozen section biopsy of the brain lesion. The frozen section study showed numerous cells with amoeba-like appearances in the background of mixed inflammatory cells. Medications for free-living amoebic meningoencephalitis were administered. PCR assay demonstrated\n                    <jats:italic>B. mandrillaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    as the pathogenic amoeba. Unfortunately, the patient died 14 days after her admission. To our knowledge, this is the first report of\n                    <jats:italic>B. mandrillaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    meningoencephalitis in the Middle East and the first time we have captured the organism during a frozen-section study.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T10:10:53Z","timestamp":1615803053000},"page":"1836-1840","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Case Report: Encephalitis Caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris in a 3-Year-Old Iranian Girl"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Moeinadin","family":"Safavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Pathology Department, Children\u2019s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vahid","family":"Mehrtash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Pathology Department, Children\u2019s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zohreh","family":"Habibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Neurosurgery Department, Children\u2019s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Mohammadpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Pediatric Intensive Care Division, Children\u2019s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Taghi","family":"Haghi Ashtiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Pathology Department, Children\u2019s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Sotoudeh Anvari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Pathology Department, Children\u2019s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nooshin","family":"Zaresharifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Pathology Department, Children\u2019s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milad","family":"Shafizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Neurosurgery Department, Children\u2019s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bita","family":"Jafarzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Pathology Department, Children\u2019s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/104\/5\/article-p1836.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/104\/5\/article-p1836.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T16:41:55Z","timestamp":1629909715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/104\/5\/article-p1836.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1257","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]]}}}