{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T04:22:03Z","timestamp":1785730923956,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Isolates from 475 cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) patients from three endemic regions were studied by three typing techniques. The molecular analysis from lesion scrapings based on hsp70 PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) showed that 78.1% (371\/475) restriction patterns corresponded to <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Viannia<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>panamensis<\/jats:italic>, 19% (90\/475) to <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Viannia<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>guyanensis<\/jats:italic>, and 3.0% (14\/475) to <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Viannia<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>braziliensis<\/jats:italic>. Promastigotes isolated by culture from lesions of 228 patients (48.0%, 228\/475) were identified by multi-locus enzyme electrophoresis. Of them, 95.2% (217\/228) were typified as <jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>V.<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>panamensis<\/jats:italic>, 1.3% (3\/228) as <jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>V.<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>guyanensis<\/jats:italic>, 2.2% (5\/228) as <jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>V.<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>braziliensis<\/jats:italic>, and 1.3% (3\/228) as hybrids (<jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic> [<jats:italic>V.<\/jats:italic>] <jats:italic>braziliensis<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic> [<jats:italic>V.<\/jats:italic>] <jats:italic>panamensis<\/jats:italic>)<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> However, a partial sequencing analysis of the hsp70 gene from 77 selected samples showed 16.9% (13\/77) typified as <jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>V.<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>panamensis<\/jats:italic>, 68.8% (53\/77) as <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>.) sp., 1, 3.9% (3\/77) as <jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>V.<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>guyanensis<\/jats:italic>, 1.3% (1\/77) as <jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>V.<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>braziliensis<\/jats:italic> outlier, 2.6% (2\/77) as <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Viannia<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>naiffi<\/jats:italic>, 2.6% as (2\/77) <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>V.<\/jats:italic>) sp., and 2 and 3.9% (3\/77) hybrid isolates of <jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>V.<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>braziliensis<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>V.<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>guyanensis<\/jats:italic>. These results confirm <jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>V.<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>panamensis<\/jats:italic> as the predominant species and cause of CL lesions in Panama and that <jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>V.<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>guyanensis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>V.<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>braziliensis<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>V.<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>naiffi<\/jats:italic> are circulating to a lower degree. Furthermore, the determination of parasite isolates belonging to atypical clusters and hybrid isolates suggests the circulation of genetic variants with important implications for the epidemiology and clinical follow-up of CL in Panama. No evidence of the existence of parasites of the <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>mexicana<\/jats:italic> complex in Panamanian territory was found in this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T18:35:27Z","timestamp":1610476527000},"page":"1326-1334","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Molecular Identification of Parasites Causing Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Panama"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Aracelis del C.","family":"Miranda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panama, Panama;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kadir A.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panama, Panama;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franklyn","family":"Samudio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panama, Panama;"},{"name":"2Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad de Panam\u00e1, Panama, Panama;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa J.","family":"Pineda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panama, Panama;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 E.","family":"Calzada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panama, Panama;"},{"name":"3Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Panam\u00e1, Panama, Panama;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeuz","family":"Capitan-Barrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panama, Panama;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panama, Panama;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panama, Panama;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaxelis","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panama, Panama;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Su\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panama, Panama;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betsi","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panama, Panama;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan M.","family":"Pascale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panama, Panama;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Gr\u00f6gl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N\u00e9stor","family":"Sosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panama, Panama;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azael","family":"Salda\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panama, Panama;"},{"name":"6Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Diagn\u00f3stico de Enfermedades Parasitarias (CIDEP), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Panam\u00e1, Panama, Panama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/104\/4\/article-p1326.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/104\/4\/article-p1326.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T12:31:03Z","timestamp":1617798663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/104\/4\/article-p1326.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1336","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]}}}