{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T19:33:28Z","timestamp":1791660808944,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trachoma control in the Amhara region of Ethiopia, where all districts were once endemic, began in 2001 and attained full scale-up of the Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness, and Environmental improvement (SAFE) strategy by 2010. Since scaling up, the program has distributed approximately 14 million doses of antibiotic per year, implemented village- and school-based health education, and promoted latrine construction. This report aims to provide an update on the prevalence of trachoma among children aged 1\u20139 years as of the most recent impact or surveillance survey in all 160 districts of Amhara. As of 2019, 45 (28%) districts had a trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) prevalence below the 5% elimination threshold. There was a statistically significant relationship between TF prevalence observed at the first impact survey (2010\u20132015) and eventual achievement of TF &lt; 5% (2015\u20132019). Of the 26 districts with a first impact survey &lt; 10% TF, 20 (76.9%) had &lt; 5% TF at the most recent survey. Of the 75 districts with a first survey between 10% and 29.9% TF, 21 (28.0%) had &lt; 5% TF at the most recent survey. Finally, among 59 districts \u2265 30% TF at the first survey, four (6.8%) had &lt; 5% TF by 2019. As of 2019, 30 (18.8%) districts remained with TF \u2265 30%. Amhara has seen considerable reductions of trachoma since the start of the program. A strong commitment to the SAFE strategy coupled with data-driven enhancements to that strategy is necessary to facilitate timely elimination of trachoma as a public health problem regionally in Amhara and nationwide in Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T07:01:06Z","timestamp":1611039666000},"page":"1278-1289","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Twelve-Year Longitudinal Trends in Trachoma Prevalence among Children Aged 1\u20139 Years in Amhara, Ethiopia, 2007\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Eshetu","family":"Sata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew W.","family":"Nute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tigist","family":"Astale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demelash","family":"Gessese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zebene","family":"Ayele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mulat","family":"Zerihun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambahun","family":"Chernet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berhanu","family":"Melak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahteme","family":"Haile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Amhara Public Health Institute, Research and Technology Transfer Directorate, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taye","family":"Zeru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Amhara Public Health Institute, Research and Technology Transfer Directorate, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melkamu","family":"Beyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Amhara Regional Health Bureau, Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adisu Abebe","family":"Dawed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Amhara Regional Health Bureau, Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fikre","family":"Seife","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Federal Ministry of Health, Disease Prevention and Control Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zerihun","family":"Tadesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth Kelly","family":"Callahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremiah","family":"Ngondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6RTI International, International Development (Global Health), London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott D","family":"Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and 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