{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:23:48Z","timestamp":1780446228187,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Scrub typhus is an acute febrile disease caused by <jats:italic>Orientia tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic>, which is transmitted through chigger mites. Delayed treatment results in various complications and, in severe cases, death. Granzymes are secreted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes or natural killer cells and are known to play an important role in controlling intracellular pathogens. To date, few studies have been done on granzymes in patients with scrub typhus. In this study, granzymes A and B showed a significant increase during the acute stage of scrub typhus compared with healthy control subjects, and decreased sharply after treatment. In addition, granzymes A and B were significantly high in the moderately elevated liver enzyme group. In conclusion, it appears that the host during the acute phase of scrub typhus increases cytotoxic T-cell activity to control infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T14:00:47Z","timestamp":1633960847000},"page":"1680-1683","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Elevated Extracellular Levels of Granzymes in Patients with Scrub Typhus"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Joo-Hee","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea;"},{"name":"2Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong-Hwan","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea;"},{"name":"2Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Seop","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea;"},{"name":"2Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/105\/6\/article-p1680.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/105\/6\/article-p1680.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T23:01:40Z","timestamp":1638399700000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/105\/6\/article-p1680.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1369","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]}}}