{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T11:27:15Z","timestamp":1788175635606,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract.<\/jats:title>Haiti is targeting malaria elimination by 2025. The Grand\u2019Anse department in southwestern Haiti experiences one-third to half of all nationally reported Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> cases. Although there are historical reports of Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic> and Plasmodium malariae<\/jats:italic>, today, non-falciparum<\/jats:italic> infections would remain undetected because of extensive use of falciparum-<\/jats:italic>specific histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) at health facilities. A recent case\u2013control study was conducted in Grand\u2019Anse to identify risk factors for P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> infection using HRP2-based RDTs (n<\/jats:italic> = 1,107). Post hoc multiplex Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> antigenemia and antibody (IgG) detection by multiplex bead assay revealed one blood sample positive for pan-Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> aldolase, negative for P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> HRP2, and positive for IgG antibodies to P. malariae<\/jats:italic>. Based on this finding, we selected 52 samples with possible P. malariae<\/jats:italic> infection using IgG and antigenemia data and confirmed infection status by species-specific PCR. We confirmed one P. malariae<\/jats:italic> infection in a 6-month-old infant without travel history. Congenital P. malariae<\/jats:italic> could not be excluded. However, our finding\u2014in combination with historical reports of P. malariae<\/jats:italic>\u2014warrants further investigation into the presence and possible extent of non-falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria in Haiti. Furthermore, we showed the use of multiplex Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> antigen and IgG detection in selecting samples of interest for subsequent PCR analysis, thereby reducing costs as opposed to testing all available samples by PCR. This is of specific use in low-transmission or eliminating settings where infections are rare.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T14:54:25Z","timestamp":1617634465000},"page":"2139-2145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Rapid Screening for Non-falciparum Malaria in Elimination Settings Using Multiplex Antigen and Antibody Detection: Post Hoc Identification of Plasmodium malariae in an Infant in Haiti"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Lotus L.","family":"van den Hoogen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tropical Medicine Department, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camelia","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2CDC Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacquelin","family":"Pr\u00e9sum\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Laboratoire National de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Port-au-Prince, Haiti;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ithamare","family":"Romilus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Laboratoire National de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Port-au-Prince, Haiti;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Existe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Laboratoire National de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Port-au-Prince, Haiti;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Boncy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Laboratoire National de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Port-au-Prince, Haiti;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vena","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tropical Medicine Department, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian","family":"Stresman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin K. A.","family":"Tetteh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Drakeley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle A.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean F.","family":"Lemoine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 Publique et de la Population, Port-au-Prince, Haiti"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Eisele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tropical Medicine Department, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Rogier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth A.","family":"Ashton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tropical Medicine Department, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/104\/6\/article-p2139.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/104\/6\/article-p2139.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T16:40:03Z","timestamp":1622652003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/104\/6\/article-p2139.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1450","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]]}}}