{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T20:30:17Z","timestamp":1764275417594},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The minimal health impact observed in large-scale water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) intervention studies motivated us to investigate the contribution of contaminated food and drinking water to the total daily <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> load ingested by the average adult in a low-income, urban area. Leftover food (food left at room temperature for more than 6 hours) from 32 households was collected eight times at 6-week intervals in 2014\u20132015 in the low-income area of Arichpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh. In total, 117 samples were obtained from four food types: fish, lentils, rice, and vegetables, which comprise approximately 85.2% of the average adult\u2019s personal daily food consumption. Samples were analyzed for <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> using selective chromogenic media. For an average adult, the daily consumption of the four food types at mean contamination levels of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> can contribute 4.45 log colony-forming units (cfu)\/day (95% confidence interval 4.06\u20134.84). Drinking water quality was measured 211 times at the point of drinking, with a mean, median, and maximum contamination of 1.9, 1.2, and 2.82 log <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> cfu\/100\u2009mL, respectively. If the typical adult in Arichpur was able to drink water with 0 <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> cfu\/100\u2009mL, it would only remove &lt;\u00a05.2% of the total <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> ingested per day with a mean-contaminated diet. These approximations may suggest why insignificant effects have been observed for water quality interventions in similar, low-hygiene settings. In Arichpur, the <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> contribution from drinking water to the total <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> load was insufficient to exert a substantial effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T15:49:25Z","timestamp":1644248965000},"page":"1163-1169","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Escherichia coli Ingested via Food May Overshadow the Positive Effects of Clean Drinking Water: An Example from Dhaka"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Peter Kj\u00e6r Mackie","family":"Jensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, Section for Global Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zenat Zebin","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, Section for Global Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;"},{"name":"2Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jannatul","family":"Ferdous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, Section for Global Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;"},{"name":"2Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebeca","family":"Sultana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, Section for Global Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;"},{"name":"3Institute of Health Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, Section for Global Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen Bjerre","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, Section for Global Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anowara","family":"Begum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/106\/4\/article-p1163.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/106\/4\/article-p1163.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T12:38:53Z","timestamp":1649248733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/106\/4\/article-p1163.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1530","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]]}}}