{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T17:41:33Z","timestamp":1725385293864},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Trop Med Hyg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>While a number of microbial infections induce a transient burst in viral load in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), a recent study has suggested that scrub typhus may suppress HIV-1 infection. We investigated the effects of <jats:italic>Orientia tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic> on HIV-1 infection. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> HIV-1 infection experiments were conducted using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) acutely infected with R5 and X4 HIV-1 or PBMC derived from patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) whose plasma viral load was undetectable. Stimulation of PBMC with <jats:italic>O. tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic> induced production of proinflammatory cytokines and \u03b2-chemokines, and markedly down-regulated expression of CCR5. Although pretreatment with <jats:italic>O. tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic> rendered PBMC resistant to R5 HIV-1, it otherwise enhanced HIV-1 replication. Stimulation by <jats:italic>O. tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic> induced HIV-1 replication in PBMC from patients receiving HAART. These findings suggest that scrub typhus does not necessarily suppress HIV-1 infection and does have potential to enhance HIV-1 replication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.68.557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]],"date-time":"2017-05-10T17:38:51Z","timestamp":1494437931000},"page":"557-561","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["IN VITRO REACTIVATION OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-1 UPON STIMULATION WITH SCRUB TYPHUS RICKETTSIAL INFECTION"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"MASAKO","family":"MORIUCHI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Niigata College of Pharmacy, Niigata, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"AKIRA","family":"TAMURA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Niigata College of Pharmacy, Niigata, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HIROYUKI","family":"MORIUCHI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Niigata College of Pharmacy, Niigata, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"475","volume":"356","year":"2000"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"J Clin Invest","first-page":"1540","volume":"102","year":"1998"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"2041","volume":"181","year":"2000"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Virology","first-page":"514","volume":"278","year":"2000"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Microbiol Immunol","first-page":"321","volume":"26","year":"1988"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol","first-page":"432","volume":"8","year":"2001"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"3320","volume":"35","year":"1997"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Infect Immun","first-page":"594","volume":"68","year":"2000"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Trends Microbiol","first-page":"326","volume":"5","year":"1997"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"1035","volume":"185","year":"2002"},{"volume":"186","first-page":"1194","series-title":"J Infect Dis","key":"R11"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/68\/5\/article-p557.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/68\/5\/article-p557.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/68\/5\/article-p557.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T16:51:12Z","timestamp":1725382272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/68\/5\/article-p557.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.68.557","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9637"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]}}}