{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T13:36:37Z","timestamp":1773149797336,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Trop Med Hyg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The prevalence, host preference, and rate of <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> spp. infection of sand fly species are important parameters for incrimination of parasite vectors. We applied polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods to detect <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> spp. parasites and blood meals within individual sand flies in the most important visceral leishmaniasis (VL) focus in northwestern Iran. <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> spp. minicircles (kinetoplast DNA) were found in 14 (0.9%) of 1,569 female specimens. Sequence analysis of 650 basepairs of an internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA gene identified <jats:italic>L. infantum\/L. donovani<\/jats:italic> in 12 specimens and <jats:italic>L. adleri<\/jats:italic>-like parasites in 2 specimens. Nine (64.3%) of 14 of the <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> spp.\u2013positive sand flies were <jats:italic>Phlebotomus perfeliewi transcaucasicus<\/jats:italic>. Blood meal identification of host DNA within sand flies by PCR-based and ELISA methods showed that 30% and 28%, respectively, were positive for human blood. Results of this study showed that <jats:italic>P. perfeliewi transcaucasicus<\/jats:italic> is the most prevalent, infected, and anthropophagic sand fly and plays a major role in VL transmission in the region studied.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.08-0469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,9]],"date-time":"2009-10-09T17:32:47Z","timestamp":1255109567000},"page":"572-577","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Vector Incrimination of Sand Flies in the Most Important Visceral Leishmaniasis Focus in Iran"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Mohammad A.","family":"Oshaghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, and Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Public Health and Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, College of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naseh Maleki","family":"Ravasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, and Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Public Health and Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, College of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ezat-Aldin","family":"Javadian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, and Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Public Health and Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, College of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Mohebali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, and Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Public Health and Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, College of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Homa","family":"Hajjaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, and Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Public Health and Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, College of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zabiholah","family":"Zare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, and Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Public Health and Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, College of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Mohtarami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, and Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Public Health and Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, College of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 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