{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T22:51:31Z","timestamp":1784069491846,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Trop Med Hyg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We assessed the structure and latitudinal selection that might result in sensitivities to critical day-lengths that trigger diapause between <jats:italic>Culex pipiens<\/jats:italic> populations distributed along North-South and East-West axes in eastern North America. Strong population structure between <jats:italic>Cx. p. pipiens<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cx. p. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic> existed. Among <jats:italic>Cx. p. pipiens<\/jats:italic>, a 100-km increase in the latitudinal change resulted in an increased square root of <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>ST<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> by 0.002. A 100-km increase in the longitudinal change caused an increased square root of <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>ST<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> by 0.035. A lack of latitudinal influence on the structure between <jats:italic>Cx. p. pipiens<\/jats:italic> populations suggests a uniform signal using the 12 microsatellite markers, which might increase the risk of West Nile virus (WNV) transmission toward northern areas because of longer breeding season, extend host-seeking period, and larger population size. Northern <jats:italic>Cx. p. pipiens<\/jats:italic> may have undergone additional generations before diapause is triggered, magnifying population size when WNV amplification is peaking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.08-0605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,27]],"date-time":"2009-10-27T19:03:21Z","timestamp":1256670201000},"page":"842-848","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Effects of Latitude and Longitude on the Population Structure of Culex pipiens s.l., Vectors of West Nile Virus in North America"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Frances","family":"Edillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Former Address: Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Bentley College, Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Waltham, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of 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