{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:19:54Z","timestamp":1790745594084,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We studied the effect of environmental parameters on the survival of <jats:italic>Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>. There was a small increase in bacterial count for up to 28 days in sterilized distilled water or rain water, in water at 20\u00b0C or 40\u00b0C, and in buffered solutions of pH 4 or higher. Counts of culturable <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> declined at pH 3, in the presence of seawater or water with concentrations of 4% salt or higher, and under refrigeration. The morphological appearances of <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> changed under conditions that maintained culturable numbers from bacilli to coccoid cells and spiral forms under pH or salt stress. These observations indicate that <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> can endure nutrient-depleted environments as well as a wide range of pH, salt concentrations, and temperatures for periods of up to 28 days. The relative stability of <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> under these conditions underlines the tenacity of this species and its potential for natural dispersal in water: in surface water collections, in managed water distribution systems, and through rainfall. These survival properties help explain the recent expansion of the known melioidosis endemic zone in Australia and may have played a part in recent melioidosis outbreaks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,11]],"date-time":"2010-01-11T16:47:50Z","timestamp":1263228470000},"page":"88-94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The Survival of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Liquid Media"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Jeannie","family":"Robertson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avram","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose-Luis","family":"Sagripanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J. J.","family":"Inglis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"177","article-title":"A cluster of melioidosis cases from an endemic region is clonal and is linked to the water supply using molecular typing of Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates","volume":"65","author":"Currie","year":"2001"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"56","article-title":"Burkholderia pseudomallei traced to water treatment plant in Australia","volume":"6","author":"Inglis","year":"2000"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Water Res","first-page":"4425","article-title":"The effect of free chlorine on Burkholderia pseudomallei in potable water","volume":"37","author":"Howard","year":"2003"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Water Res","first-page":"1085","article-title":"Disinfection of Burkholderia pseudomallei in potable water","volume":"39","author":"Howard","year":"2005"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol","first-page":"6865","article-title":"Environmental factors that affect survival and persistence of Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"72","author":"Inglis","year":"2006"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Microbiol Immunol","first-page":"451","article-title":"Laboratory investigation of ecological factors influencing the environmental presence of Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"40","author":"Tong","year":"1996"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"491","article-title":"Survival of Burkholderia pseudomallei in the absence of nutrients","volume":"89","author":"Wuthiekanun","year":"1995"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol","first-page":"8001","article-title":"Survival of Burkholderia pseudomallei on environmental surfaces","volume":"73","author":"Shams","year":"2007"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"232","article-title":"Pseudomonas (Burkholderia) pseudomallei in Thailand, 1964\u20131967: geographic distribution of the organism, attempts to identify cases of active infection, and presence of antibody in representative sera","volume":"62","author":"Finkelstein","year":"2000"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol","first-page":"45","article-title":"Survivability and long-term preservation of bacteria in water and in phosphate-buffered saline","volume":"37","author":"Liao","year":"2003"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1600","article-title":"Dry-season outbreak of melioidosis in Western Australia","volume":"352","author":"Inglis","year":"1998"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Rev Med Microbiol","first-page":"13","article-title":"The environmental microbiology of melioidosis","volume":"12:","author":"Inglis","year":"2001"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1458","article-title":"Melioidosis, northeastern Brazil","volume":"11","author":"Rolim","year":"2005"},{"key":"R14","series-title":"Epidemiol Infect","first-page":"437","article-title":"Acute melioidosis outbreak in western Australia","volume":"123","author":"Inglis","year":"1999"},{"key":"R15","series-title":"pH measurements and buffers, oxidation-reduction potentials, suspension fluids and preparation of glassware","first-page":"90","author":"Collee","year":"1989"},{"key":"R16","series-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev","first-page":"660","article-title":"The selective value of bacterial shape","volume":"70","author":"Young","year":"2006"},{"key":"R17","series-title":"Size distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei. 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