{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:44:30Z","timestamp":1791229470560,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We estimated the level of under-reporting of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases by comparing the actual reported cases with those expected as estimated using age- and sex-stratified incidence proportions obtained in a cohort of 31,324 persons. The average incidence proportion of VL cases in study population was 5.7\/1,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.88\u20136.54) and 1.09\/1,000 persons (95% CI = 0.99\u20131.20) based on the reported cases in two primary health centers. The overall magnitude of VL cases not reported to the government agencies was higher by a factor 4.17 (95% CI = 3.75\u20134.63) than for reported cases. The levels of under-reporting were 4.74 (95% CI = 4.11\u20135.47) in males and 3.51 (95% CI = 2.99\u20134.11) in females with no significant difference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). It was significantly higher in persons \u2265 30 years of age than in persons 30 years of age (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,11]],"date-time":"2010-01-11T16:47:50Z","timestamp":1263228470000},"page":"9-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Estimation of Under-Reporting of Visceral Leishmaniasis Cases in Bihar, India"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Vijay P.","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alok","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshan K.","family":"Topno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh B.","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niyamat A.","family":"Siddique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidya N.","family":"Ravidas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narendra","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"World Health Stat Q","first-page":"267","article-title":"Human leishmaniases: epidemiology and public health aspects","volume":"45","author":"Desjeux","year":"1992"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Clin Dermatol","first-page":"417","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: public health aspects and control","volume":"14","author":"Desjeux","year":"1996"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"494","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis: current status of control, diagnosis, and treatment, and a proposed research and development agenda","volume":"2","author":"Guerin","year":"2002"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1793","article-title":"Kala-azar: progress against a neglected disease","volume":"347","author":"Murray","year":"2002"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Natl Med J India","first-page":"62","article-title":"Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in India","volume":"12","author":"Bora","year":"1999"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Proceedings of a World Health Organization Workshop on Strategies for Control of Kala-azar and Malaria","first-page":"11","article-title":"Epidemiology of Kala-azar in India. 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Health Ministers Sign Memorandum of Understanding","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2005"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"J Commun Dis","first-page":"149","article-title":"A longitudinal review of kala-azar in Bihar","volume":"11","author":"Sanyal","year":"1979"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"J Commun Dis","first-page":"120","article-title":"An estimate of kala-azar in 1991 in district Vaishali and Bihar","volume":"26","author":"Bora","year":"1994"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"899","article-title":"Serious underreporting of visceral leishmaniasis through passive case reporting in Bihar, India","volume":"11","author":"Singh","year":"2006"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Provisional Population Totals, Series 1","author":"Census of India","year":"2001"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"Modern Epidemiology","first-page":"231","author":"Greenland","year":"1998"},{"key":"R14","series-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser","first-page":"1","article-title":"Report of a World Health Organization Expert Committee","volume":"793","author":"Control of the Leishmaniasis","year":"1990"},{"key":"R15","series-title":"J Vivekanand Institute Med Sci","first-page":"21","article-title":"Visceral Leishmaniasis in India: past and present 1989\u201391","volume":"12\u201314","author":"Hati","year":"1989"},{"key":"R16","series-title":"An Epidemic Outbreak of Kala-Azar in a District of West Bengal, India","first-page":"1","volume":"911","author":"Hati","year":"1995"},{"key":"R17","series-title":"Indian J Med Res","first-page":"219","article-title":"An epidemiological consideration of the transmission of kala-azar in India","volume":"14","author":"Napier","year":"1925"},{"key":"R18","series-title":"Indian J Med Res","first-page":"295","article-title":"An epidemiological investigation of kala-azar in rural areas in Bengal","volume":"19","author":"Napier","year":"1931"},{"key":"R19","series-title":"Indian Med Gazatte","first-page":"486","article-title":"Report on the kala-azar survey in Patna city","volume":"68","author":"Ross","year":"1928"},{"key":"R20","series-title":"J Commun Dis","first-page":"170","article-title":"Some observations on epidemiology of current outbreaks of kala-azar in Bihar","volume":"11","author":"Sanyal","year":"1979"},{"key":"R21","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"391","article-title":"Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic features of Bihar kala-azar (including post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis)","volume":"78","author":"Thakur","year":"1984"},{"key":"R22","series-title":"Indian J Public Health","first-page":"24","article-title":"Change in age incidence of kala-azar in India","volume":"39","author":"Basu","year":"1995"},{"key":"R23","series-title":"Indian J Med Res","first-page":"153","article-title":"Epidemiology of kala-azar in rural Bihar (India), using village as a component of study","volume":"93","author":"Dhiman","year":"1991"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/82\/1\/article-p9.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/82\/1\/article-p9.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/82\/1\/article-p9.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T15:48:07Z","timestamp":1725292087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/82\/1\/article-p9.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0235","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}}}