{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:24:33Z","timestamp":1790555073544,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Leptospirosis is re-emerging in developed countries as a travel-related infection. In this nationwide study of travel-related leptospirosis in Israel, all cases diagnosed at the Central Reference Laboratory for Leptospirosis, during 2002\u20132008 were retrospectively reviewed and only travel-related cases were included. During the study years, 20 (42%) of 48 leptospirosis cases in Israel were travel-related. Exposure occurred in Southeast Asia in 15 (75%) of 20 cases. The estimated yearly incidence of travel-related leptospirosis was 1.78\/100,000 travelers compared with an incidence of endemic cases of 0.06\/100,000 inhabitants (risk ratio = 29.6, 95% confidence interval = 16.7\u201352.4). Most patients (89%) were infected during water-related activities. Severe disease was present in 10 (55%) of 18 patients; 7 of them were presumptively infected with the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup. Thus, travel-related leptospirosis is becoming increasingly important in the epidemiology of leptospirosis in Israel. Leptospirosis should be suspected in any traveler with undifferentiated febrile illness, especially when water exposure is reported.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,5]],"date-time":"2010-03-05T18:59:46Z","timestamp":1267815586000},"page":"459-463","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Travel-Related Leptospirosis in Israel: A Nationwide Study"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Eyal","family":"Leshem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Geographic Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, and Internal Medicine C, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel; Infectious Diseases Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gadi","family":"Segal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Geographic Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, and Internal Medicine C, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel; Infectious Diseases Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ada","family":"Barnea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Geographic Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, and Internal Medicine C, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel; Infectious Diseases Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shmuel","family":"Yitzhaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Geographic Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, and Internal Medicine C, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel; Infectious Diseases Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Ostfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Geographic Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, and Internal Medicine C, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel; Infectious Diseases Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvio","family":"Pitlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Geographic Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, and Internal Medicine C, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel; Infectious Diseases Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eli","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Geographic Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, and Internal Medicine C, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel; Infectious Diseases Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"296","article-title":"Leptospirosis","volume":"14","author":"Levett","year":"2001"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"577","article-title":"Outbreak of leptospirosis among white-water rafters\u2013Costa Rica, 1996","volume":"46","year":"1997"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"702","article-title":"Leptospirosis in \u201cEco-Challenge\u201d athletes, Malaysian Borneo, 2000","volume":"9","author":"Sejvar","year":"2003"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis","first-page":"89","article-title":"Leptospirosis masquerading as infectious enteritis","volume":"2","author":"Paz","year":"2004"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"J Travel Med","first-page":"165","article-title":"Spotting the spirochete: rapid diagnosis of leptospirosis in two returned 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