{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:32:46Z","timestamp":1791297166331,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Many West Nile (WN) virus isolates associated with significant outbreaks possess a glycosylation site on the envelope (E) protein. E-protein glycosylated variants of New York (NY) strains of WN virus are more neuroinvasive in mice than the non-glycosylated variants. To determine how E protein glycosylation affects the interactions between WN virus and avian hosts, we inoculated young chicks with NY strains of WN virus containing either glycosylated or non-glycosylated variants of the E protein. The glycosylated variants were more virulent and had higher viremic levels than the non-glycosylated variants. The glycosylation status of the variant did not affect viral multiplication and dissemination in mosquitoes <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Glycosylated variants showed more heat-stable propagation than non-glycosylated variants in mammalian (BHK) and avian (QT6) cells but not in mosquito (C6\/36) cells. Thus, E-protein glycosylation may be a requirement for efficient transmission of WN virus from avian hosts to mosquito vectors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,26]],"date-time":"2010-03-26T23:33:07Z","timestamp":1269646387000},"page":"696-704","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Glycosylation of the West Nile Virus Envelope Protein Increases In Vivo and In Vitro Viral Multiplication in Birds"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Ryo","family":"Murata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Public Health, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Department of Prion Diseases, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Eshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Public Health, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Department of Prion Diseases, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Public Health, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Department of Prion Diseases, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Public Health, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Department of Prion Diseases, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saki","family":"Akita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Public Health, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Department of Prion Diseases, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohisa","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Public Health, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Department of Prion Diseases, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Yoshii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Public Health, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Department of Prion Diseases, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Kariwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Public Health, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Department of Prion Diseases, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Umemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Public Health, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Department of Prion Diseases, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikuo","family":"Takashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Public Health, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Department of Prion Diseases, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary 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