{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T17:42:04Z","timestamp":1771004524700,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>It is unclear how the prevalence of clinically active trachoma correlates with the prevalence of ocular chlamydial infection at the community level. In 24 villages from a cluster-randomized clinical trial of mass azithromycin distributions in Ethiopia, the correlation between the prevalence of clinical activity (on examination) and chlamydial infection (by polymerase chain reaction) was moderately strong before mass antibiotic treatments (Pearson's correlation coefficient <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.52\u20130.87), but decreased at each time point during four biannual treatments (at 24 months, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.15, 95% CI = \u22120.14\u20130.41). One year after the final treatment, the correlation coefficient had increased, but not to the pre-treatment level (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.30\u20130.73). In a region with hyperendemic trachoma, conjunctival examination was a useful indicator of the prevalence of chlamydial infection before treatments, less useful during mass treatments, but regained utility by one year after treatments had stopped.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,5]],"date-time":"2010-03-05T18:59:46Z","timestamp":1267815586000},"page":"482-487","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Clinical Activity and Polymerase Chain Reaction Evidence of Chlamydial Infection after Repeated Mass Antibiotic Treatments for Trachoma"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Jeremy D.","family":"Keenan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takele","family":"Lakew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wondu","family":"Alemayehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muluken","family":"Melese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Travis C.","family":"Porco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenafir I.","family":"House","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaoxia","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn J.","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nisha R.","family":"Acharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Whitcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce D.","family":"Gaynor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Lietman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Bull World Health Organ","first-page":"844","article-title":"Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002","volume":"82","author":"Resnikoff","year":"2004"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Eye Diseases in Hot Climates","first-page":"105","author":"Sanford-Smith","year":"1997"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"J Clin Pathol","first-page":"515","article-title":"Evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of a ligase chain reaction test kit for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis","volume":"49","author":"Miyashita","year":"1996"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"709","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction for the detection of ocular chlamydial infection in trachoma-endemic communities","volume":"170","author":"Bailey","year":"1994"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Bull World Health Organ","first-page":"477","article-title":"A simple system for the assessment of trachoma and its complications","volume":"65","author":"Thylefors","year":"1987"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol","first-page":"255","article-title":"How reliable is the clinical exam in detecting ocular chlamydial infection?","volume":"11","author":"Miller","year":"2004"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"1524","article-title":"Severe disease in children with trachoma is associated with persistent Chlamydia trachomatis infection","volume":"176","author":"Bobo","year":"1997"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Br J Ophthalmol","first-page":"813","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of trachoma in a Gambian village","volume":"78","author":"Bailey","year":"1994"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci","first-page":"4215","article-title":"Which members of a community need antibiotics to control trachoma? 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