{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:47:32Z","timestamp":1791348452189,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibody (IgG) responses to the saliva of <jats:italic>Phlebotomus argentipes<\/jats:italic> were investigated using serum samples from regions of India endemic and non-endemic for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). By pre-adsorbing the sera against the saliva of the competing human-biting but non-VL vector <jats:italic>P. papatasi<\/jats:italic>, we significantly improved the specificity of a <jats:italic>P. argentipes<\/jats:italic> saliva enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Using this method, we observed a statistically significant correlation between antibodies to <jats:italic>P. argenitpes<\/jats:italic> saliva and the average indoor density of female sand flies. Additionally, the method was able to detect recent changes in vector exposure when sera from VL patients were assayed before, during, and after hospitalization and protected from sand fly bites under untreated bed nets. Collectively, these results highlight the utility of antibodies to <jats:italic>P. argentipes<\/jats:italic> saliva as an important tool to evaluate VL vector control programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,4]],"date-time":"2010-05-04T01:02:37Z","timestamp":1272934957000},"page":"801-807","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Measurement of Recent Exposure to Phlebotomus argentipes, the Vector of Indian Visceral Leishmaniasis, by Using Human Antibody Responses to Sand Fly Saliva"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Meredith F.","family":"Clements","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamlesh","family":"Gidwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajiv","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitka","family":"Hostomska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diwakar S.","family":"Dinesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Volfova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marleen","family":"Boelaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murari","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suman","family":"Rijal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Picado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Volf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyam","family":"Sundar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clive R.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Life in the Twenty-first Century: A Vision for All","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1998"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"849","article-title":"Drug resistance in Indian visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"6","author":"Sundar","year":"2001"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"India. 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