{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T20:14:23Z","timestamp":1762978463085},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nestling birds are rarely sampled in the field for most arboviruses, yet they may be important in arbovirus amplification cycles. We sampled both nestling and adult house sparrows (<jats:italic>Passer domesticus<\/jats:italic>) in western Nebraska for West Nile virus (WNV) or WNV-specific antibodies throughout the summer of 2008 and describe pathology in naturally infected nestlings. Across the summer, 4% of nestling house sparrows were WNV-positive; for the month of August alone, 12.3% were positive. Two WNV-positive nestlings exhibited encephalitis, splenomegaly, hepatic necrosis, nephrosis, and myocarditis. One nestling sparrow had large mural thrombi in the atria and ventricle and immunohistochemical staining of WNV antigen in multiple organs including the wall of the aorta and pulmonary artery; cardiac insufficiency thus may have been a cause of death. Adult house sparrows showed an overall seroprevalence of 13.8% that did not change significantly across the summer months. The WNV-positive nestlings and the majority of seropositive adults were detected within separate spatial clusters. Nestling birds, especially those reared late in the summer when WNV activity is typically greatest, may be important in virus amplification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,4]],"date-time":"2010-05-04T01:02:37Z","timestamp":1272934957000},"page":"937-944","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Prevalence and Pathology of West Nile Virus in Naturally Infected House Sparrows, Western Nebraska, 2008"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Valerie A.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol U.","family":"Meteyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William K.","family":"Reisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hon S.","family":"Ip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles R.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"J Med Entomol","first-page":"965","article-title":"Role of nestling mourning doves and house finches as amplifying hosts of St. Louis encephalitis virus","volume":"41","author":"Mahmood","year":"2004"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Mosq News","first-page":"15","article-title":"Differential feeding of Culex tarsalis on nestling and adult birds","volume":"18","author":"Blackmore","year":"1958"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Misc Publ Entomol Soc Am","first-page":"9","article-title":"Effects of disease on vertebrates' ability behaviorally to repel host-seeking mosquitoes","volume":"68","author":"Scott","year":"1988"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"J Med Entomol","first-page":"856","article-title":"Effects of house sparrow age and arbovirus infection on attraction of mosquitos","volume":"27","author":"Scott","year":"1990"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Am J Hyg","first-page":"130","article-title":"Ecology of western equine and St. Louis encephalitis viruses: a summary of field investigations in Weld County, Colorado, 1949 to 1953","volume":"65","author":"Cockburn","year":"1957"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Epidemiology and Control of Mosquito-Borne Arboviruses in California, 1943\u20131987","first-page":"26","author":"Milby","year":"1990"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis","first-page":"57","article-title":"Rapid amplification of West Nile virus: the role of hatch-year birds","volume":"8","author":"Hamer","year":"2008"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis","first-page":"57","article-title":"West Nile virus antibodies in avian species of Georgia, USA: 2000\u20132004","volume":"6","author":"Gibbs","year":"2006"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"J Med Entomol","first-page":"139","article-title":"Repeated West Nile virus epidemic transmission in Kern County, California, 2004\u20132007","volume":"46","author":"Reisen","year":"2009"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"310","article-title":"Dynamics of passive immunity to West Nile virus in domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)","volume":"76","author":"Nemeth","year":"2007"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"J Med Entomol","first-page":"968","article-title":"Experimental infection of California birds with western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses","volume":"40","author":"Reisen","year":"2003"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"244","article-title":"House sparrows, Passer domesticus (L.), as hosts of arboviruses in Hale County, Texas. 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