{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T17:10:40Z","timestamp":1725297040028},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Optimal tuberculosis testing usually involves sputum centrifugation followed by broth culture. However, centrifuges are biohazardous and scarce in the resource-limited settings where most tuberculosis occurs. To optimize tuberculosis testing for these settings, centrifugation of 111 decontaminated sputum samples was compared with syringe-aspiration through polycarbonate membrane-filters that were then cultured in broth. To reduce the workload of repeated microscopic screening of broth cultures for tuberculosis growth, the colorimetric redox indicator 2,3-diphenyl-5-(2-thienyl) tetrazolium chloride was added to the broth, which enabled naked-eye detection of culture positivity. This combination of filtration and colorimetric growth-detection gave similar results to sputum centrifugation followed by culture microscopy regarding mean colony counts (43 versus 48; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.6), contamination rates (0.9% versus 1.8%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.3), and sensitivity (94% versus 95%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.7), suggesting equivalency of the two methods. By obviating centrifugation and repeated microscopic screening of cultures, this approach may constitute a more appropriate technology for rapid and sensitive tuberculosis diagnosis in basic laboratories.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]],"date-time":"2010-10-01T17:15:08Z","timestamp":1285953308000},"page":"896-901","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Optimizing Tuberculosis Testing for Basic Laboratories"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel G.","family":"Schumacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Siedner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willi","family":"Quino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Grandjean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert H.","family":"Gilman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlton A.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"year":"1985","series-title":"Public Health Mycobacteriology: A Guide for the Level III Laboratory","author":"Kent","key":"R1"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"2339","article-title":"Tuberculosis diagnosis and multidrug resistance testing by direct sputum culture in selective broth without decontamination or centrifugation","volume":"46","author":"Grandjean","year":"2008"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis","first-page":"1196","article-title":"Costs and cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis cultures using solid and liquid media in a developing country","volume":"12","author":"Mueller","year":"2008"},{"year":"2007","series-title":"Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","key":"R4"},{"year":"2001","series-title":"Safety and the Laboratory Centrifuge","author":"Clark","key":"R5"},{"year":"2002","series-title":"WHO Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2002 Estimates (Revised)","author":"World Health Organization","key":"R6"},{"year":"2008","series-title":"Global Tuberculosis C\\control: Surveillance, Planning, Financing","author":"World Health Organization","key":"R7"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"117","article-title":"Use of Millipore membrane filter in the diagnostic tuberculosis laboratory","volume":"27","author":"Haley","year":"1957"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"1109","article-title":"Acid-fast microscopy on polycarbonate membrane filter sputum sediments","volume":"13","author":"Smithwick","year":"1981"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Am Rev Tuberc","first-page":"1019","article-title":"The preparation of tuberculous sputum for membrane filter filtration","volume":"77","author":"McKinney","year":"1958"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Zentralbl Bakteriol","first-page":"216","article-title":"Filtration as a method of concentrating tubercle bacilli for bacterioscopic examination [in German]","volume":"155","author":"Tietz","year":"1950"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis","first-page":"83","article-title":"Comparison of Mycobacterium tuberculosis susceptibility testing performed with BACTEC 460TB (Becton Dickinson) and MB\/BacT (Organon Teknika) systems","volume":"38","author":"Tortoli","year":"2000"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"909","article-title":"Improved diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis using the microscopic-observation drug-susceptibility technique","volume":"46","author":"Tovar","year":"2008"},{"key":"R14","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"e100","article-title":"Improved recovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from children using the microscopic observation drug susceptibility method","volume":"118","author":"Oberhelman","year":"2006"},{"key":"R15","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1539","article-title":"Microscopic-observation drug-susceptibility assay for the diagnosis of TB","volume":"355","author":"Moore","year":"2006"},{"key":"R16","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"1203","article-title":"Rapid, efficient detection and drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum by microscopic observation of broth cultures. The Tuberculosis Working Group in Peru","volume":"38","author":"Caviedes","year":"2000"},{"key":"R17","series-title":"Kekkaku","first-page":"335","article-title":"Studies on earlier detection of mycobacterial growth by application of STC (2,3-diphenyl-5-thienyl-(2)-tetrazolium chloride)","volume":"46","author":"Osato","year":"1971"},{"year":"2008","series-title":"The MODS Method for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis and Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis. JoVE 18","author":"Brady","key":"R18"},{"key":"R19","series-title":"Health Technol Assess","first-page":"ix","article-title":"Evaluation of diagnostic tests when there is no gold standard. A review of methods","volume":"11","author":"Rutjes","year":"2007"},{"key":"R20","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"582","article-title":"Effect of relative centrifugal force and centrifugation time on sedimentation of mycobacteria in clinical specimens","volume":"23","author":"Ratnam","year":"1986"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/83\/4\/article-p896.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/83\/4\/article-p896.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/83\/4\/article-p896.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T16:22:50Z","timestamp":1725294170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/83\/4\/article-p896.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,5]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0566","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9637"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1476-1645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,5]]}}}