{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:27:32Z","timestamp":1791232052900,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>No studies have quantified the impact of pre-culture antibiotic use on the recovery of individual blood-borne pathogens or on population-level incidence estimates for <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>. We conducted bloodstream infection surveillance in Thailand during November 2005\u2013June 2008. Pre-culture antibiotic use was assessed by reported use and by serum antimicrobial activity. Of 35,639 patient blood cultures, 27% had reported pre-culture antibiotic use and 24% (of 24,538 tested) had serum antimicrobial activity. Pathogen isolation was half as common in patients with versus without antibiotic use; <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> isolation was 4- to 9-fold less common (0.09% versus 0.37% by reported antibiotic use; 0.05% versus 0.45% by serum antimicrobial activity, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Pre-culture antibiotic use by serum antimicrobial activity reduced pneumococcal bacteremia incidence by 32% overall and 39% in children &lt; 5 years of age. Our findings highlight the limitations of culture-based detection methods to estimate invasive pneumococcal disease incidence in settings where pre-culture antibiotic use is common.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,3]],"date-time":"2010-08-03T19:18:56Z","timestamp":1280863136000},"page":"301-306","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Antibiotic Use in Thailand: Quantifying Impact on Blood Culture Yield and Estimates of Pneumococcal Bacteremia Incidence"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Hyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard F.","family":"Peruski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Possawat","family":"Jorakate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anek","family":"Kaewpan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surang","family":"Dejsirilert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somsak","family":"Thamthitiwat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja J.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott F.","family":"Dowell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somrak","family":"Chantra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kittisak","family":"Tanwisaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan A.","family":"Maloney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry C.","family":"Baggett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"2070","article-title":"Bacterial pneumonia: commoner than perceived","volume":"357","author":"Shann","year":"2001"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1225","article-title":"Aetiology, outcome, and risk factors for mortality among adults with acute pneumonia in Kenya","volume":"355","author":"Scott","year":"2000"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","first-page":"557","article-title":"Application of new sepsis definitions to evaluate outcome of pediatric patients with severe systemic infections","volume":"14","author":"Saez-Llorens","year":"1995"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"39","article-title":"Bacteremia among children admitted to a rural hospital in Kenya","volume":"352","author":"Berkley","year":"2005"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec","first-page":"93","article-title":"Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for childhood immunization\u2013WHO position paper","volume":"82","author":"WHO","year":"2007"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Population Projections of Thailand 2000\u20132030","author":"National Economic and Social Development Board of Thailand","year":"2007"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Int J Infect Dis","first-page":"439","article-title":"The incidence of pneumonia in rural Thailand","volume":"10","author":"Olsen","year":"2006"},{"issue":"(Suppl 2)","key":"R8","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"S65","article-title":"Incidence of pneumococcal bacteremia requiring hospitalization in rural Thailand","volume":"1","author":"Baggett","year":"2008"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Manual for the Laboratory Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Bacterial Pathogens of Public Health Importance in the Developing World","author":"Perilla","year":"2003"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis","first-page":"241","article-title":"Value of intensive diagnostic microbiological investigation in low- and high-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"24","author":"van der Eerden","year":"2005"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"342","article-title":"Predicting bacteremia in patients with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"169","author":"Metersky","year":"2004"},{"key":"R12","author":"National Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Center - 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