{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T08:17:13Z","timestamp":1790929033135,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>American Trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected disease that affects Latin American people worldwide. Two old antiparasitic drugs, benznidazole and nifurtimox, are currently used for specific CD treatment with limited efficacy in chronic infections and frequent side effects. New drugs are needed for patients with chronic CD as well as for immunosuppressed patients, for whom the risk of reactivation is life-threatening. We describe a case of chronic CD and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that required immunosuppression to control the autoimmune process. It was found that benznidazole induced a reduction, but not an elimination, of circulating <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic> levels, whereas subsequent treatment with posaconazole led to a successful resolution of the infection, despite the maintenance of immunosuppressive therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,26]],"date-time":"2010-03-26T23:33:07Z","timestamp":1269646387000},"page":"583-587","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Successful Treatment with Posaconazole of a Patient with Chronic Chagas Disease and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda-Jes\u00fas","family":"Pinazo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Care Section, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Cl\u00ednic\/Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Institut Cl\u00ednic de Medicina i Dermatologia, Hospital Clinic i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Laboratori de Parasitologia, Facultat de Farm\u00e0cia, Universitat de Barcelona..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard","family":"Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Care Section, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Cl\u00ednic\/Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Institut Cl\u00ednic de Medicina i Dermatologia, Hospital Clinic i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Laboratori de Parasitologia, Facultat de Farm\u00e0cia, Universitat de Barcelona..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Montserrat","family":"G\u00e1llego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Care Section, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Cl\u00ednic\/Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Institut Cl\u00ednic de Medicina i Dermatologia, Hospital Clinic i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Laboratori de Parasitologia, Facultat de Farm\u00e0cia, Universitat de Barcelona..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo Luis","family":"L\u00f3pez-Chejade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Care Section, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Cl\u00ednic\/Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Institut Cl\u00ednic de Medicina i Dermatologia, Hospital Clinic i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Laboratori de Parasitologia, Facultat de Farm\u00e0cia, Universitat de Barcelona..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio A.","family":"Urbina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Care Section, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Cl\u00ednic\/Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Institut Cl\u00ednic de Medicina i Dermatologia, Hospital Clinic i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Laboratori de Parasitologia, Facultat de Farm\u00e0cia, Universitat de Barcelona..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Gasc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Care Section, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Cl\u00ednic\/Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Institut Cl\u00ednic de Medicina i Dermatologia, Hospital Clinic i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Laboratori de Parasitologia, Facultat de Farm\u00e0cia, Universitat de Barcelona..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis","first-page":"476","article-title":"Chagas disease and the US blood supply","volume":"21","author":"Bern","year":"2008"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"51","article-title":"Clinical profile of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a non-endemic setting: immigration and Chagas disease in Barcelona (Spain)","volume":"111","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2009"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","first-page":"603","article-title":"The impact of Chagas disease control in Latin America: a review","volume":"97","author":"Dias","year":"2002"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Trends Parasitol","first-page":"495","article-title":"Specific chemotherapy of Chagas disease: controversies and advances","volume":"19","author":"Urbina","year":"2003"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo","first-page":"29","article-title":"Long term evaluation of etiological treatment of Chagas disease with benznidazole","volume":"44","author":"Can\u00e7ado","year":"2002"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","first-page":"772","article-title":"The treatment of Chagas disease (South American trypanosomiasis)","volume":"144","author":"Pinto Dias","year":"2006"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"PLoS Med","first-page":"e332","article-title":"The challenges of Chagas disease\u2014grim outlook or glimmer of hope","volume":"4","author":"Tarleton","year":"2007"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","first-page":"115","article-title":"Diagnosis of Chagas disease: what has been achieved? 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