{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T05:19:52Z","timestamp":1791091192054,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Toxoplasmosis is the most common retinal infection in the United States, and it can severely impact vision. We used data from population-based studies, outbreaks, and the U.S. census to estimate the burden of <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> infection and ocular toxoplasmosis. We estimate that 1,075,242 persons are infected with <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>, 21,505 persons have ocular lesions (both asymptomatic and symptomatic), and 4,839 (range = 2,150\u20137,527) persons develop symptomatic ocular toxoplasmosis each year in the United States. Toxoplasmosis contributes a significant burden to eye disease in the United States.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,5]],"date-time":"2010-03-05T18:59:46Z","timestamp":1267815586000},"page":"464-465","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Annual Burden of Ocular Toxoplasmosis in the United States"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary N.","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol","first-page":"973","article-title":"Ocular toxoplasmosis: a global reassessment. Part 1: epidemiology and course of disease","volume":"136","author":"Holland","year":"2003"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Am J Epidemiol","first-page":"357","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection in the United States: seroprevalence and risk factors","volume":"154","author":"Jones","year":"2001"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"405","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection in the United States, 1999\u20132004, decline from the prior decade","volume":"77","author":"Jones","year":"2007"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"2008 National Population Projections","author":"U.S. Census Bureau","year":"2008"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol","first-page":"1126","article-title":"Opthalmic survey of a community. 1. Abnormalities of the ocular fundus","volume":"6","author":"Smith","year":"1972"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"173","article-title":"Outbreak of toxoplasmosis associated with municipal drinking water","volume":"350","author":"Bowie","year":"1997"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol","first-page":"136","article-title":"An unusually high prevalence of ocular toxoplasmosis in southern Brazil","volume":"114","author":"Glasner","year":"1992"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"633","article-title":"Unusual abundance of atypical strains associated with human ocular toxoplasmosis","volume":"184","author":"Grigg","year":"2001"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Ann Ist Super Sanita","first-page":"57","article-title":"Genetic analysis of the diversity in Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"40","author":"Darde","year":"2004"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"942","article-title":"Genetic divergence of Toxoplasma gondii strains associated with ocular toxoplasmosis, Brazil","volume":"12","author":"Khan","year":"2006"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Int J Parasitol","first-page":"1385","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis snapshots: global status of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence and implications for pregnancy and congenital toxoplasmosis","volume":"39","author":"Pappas","year":"2009"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep","first-page":"59","article-title":"CDC recommendations regarding selected conditions affecting women's health. Preventing congenital toxoplasmosis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","volume":"49","author":"Lopez","year":"2000"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol","first-page":"102","article-title":"An update on current practices in the management of ocular toxoplasmosis","volume":"134","author":"Holland","year":"2002"},{"key":"R14","series-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","first-page":"312","article-title":"Treating ocular toxoplasmosis\u2014current evidence","volume":"104","author":"Sanford","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/82\/3\/article-p464.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/82\/3\/article-p464.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/82\/3\/article-p464.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T15:51:14Z","timestamp":1725292274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/82\/3\/article-p464.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0664","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}}}