{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T06:13:53Z","timestamp":1791008033470,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus is an emerging pathogen that is transmitted in many regions of sub-Saharan Africa, parts of Egypt, and the Arabian peninsula. Outbreaks of RVF, like other diseases caused by hemorrhagic fever viruses, typically present in locations with very limited health resources, where initial diagnosis must be based only on history and physical examination. Although general signs and symptoms of human RVF have been documented, a specific clinical syndrome has not been described. In 2007, a Kenyan outbreak of RVF provided opportunity to assess acutely ill RVF patients and better delineate its presentation and clinical course. Our data reveal an identifiable clinical syndrome suggestive of severe RVF, characterized by fever, large-joint arthralgia, and gastrointestinal complaints and later followed by jaundice, right upper-quadrant pain, and delirium, often coinciding with hemorrhagic manifestations. Further characterization of a distinct RVF clinical syndrome will aid earlier detection of RVF outbreaks and should allow more rapid implementation of control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,5]],"date-time":"2010-03-05T13:59:46Z","timestamp":1267797586000},"page":"371-375","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Severe Rift Valley Fever May Present with a Characteristic Clinical Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Summerpal S.","family":"Kahlon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Immunology, and Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya; International Emerging Infections Program\u2014Kenya, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarence J.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Immunology, and Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya; International Emerging Infections Program\u2014Kenya, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"LeDuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Immunology, and Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya; International Emerging Infections Program\u2014Kenya, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric M.","family":"Muchiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Immunology, and Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya; International Emerging Infections Program\u2014Kenya, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Muiruri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Immunology, and Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya; International Emerging Infections Program\u2014Kenya, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Kariuki","family":"Njenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Immunology, and Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya; International Emerging Infections Program\u2014Kenya, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Breiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Immunology, and Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya; International Emerging Infections Program\u2014Kenya, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Clinton White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Immunology, and Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya; International Emerging Infections Program\u2014Kenya, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Immunology, and Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya; International Emerging Infections Program\u2014Kenya, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"J Pathol Bacteriol","first-page":"545","article-title":"Enzootic hepatitis or Rift Valley fever: an undescribed virus disease of sheep, cattle and man from East Africa","volume":"34","author":"Daubney","year":"1931"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Bull Epizoot Dis Afr","first-page":"431","article-title":"Rift Valley fever\u2014a review","volume":"5","author":"Weiss","year":"1957"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Science","first-page":"397","article-title":"Climate and satellite indicators to forecast Rift Valley fever epidemics in Kenya","volume":"285","author":"Linthicum","year":"1999"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"J Exp Med","first-page":"433","article-title":"Rift Valley fever\u2014a report of three cases of laboratory infection and the experimental transmission of the disease to ferrets","volume":"62","author":"Francis","year":"1935"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Factors in the Emergence of Arboviruses","first-page":"253","author":"Peters","year":"1997"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"138","article-title":"An outbreak of Rift Valley fever in Northeastern Kenya, 1997\u201398","volume":"8","author":"Woods","year":"2002"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"795","article-title":"Spectrum of Rift Valley fever virus transmission in Kenya: insights from three distinct regions","volume":"76","author":"LaBeaud","year":"2007"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"392","article-title":"Rift Valley fever virus infections in Egypt: pathological and virological findings in man","volume":"72","author":"Abdel-Wahab","year":"1978"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"245","article-title":"Epidemic Rift Valley fever in Saudi Arabia: a clinical study of severe illness in humans","volume":"36","author":"Al-Hazmi","year":"2003"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"MMWR","first-page":"1065","article-title":"Outbreak of Rift Valley fever\u2014Yemen, August\u2013October 2000","volume":"49","author":"CDC","year":"2000"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Bull World Health Organ","first-page":"941","article-title":"Rainfall and epizootic Rift Valley fever","volume":"63","author":"Davies","year":"1985"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"S Afr Med J","first-page":"514","article-title":"Rift Valley fever in South Africa: study of the 1953 outbreak in the Orange Free State, with special reference to the vectors and possible reservoir hosts","volume":"29","author":"Gear","year":"1955"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"Res Virol","first-page":"67","article-title":"Rift Valley fever among domestic animals in the recent West African outbreak","volume":"140","author":"Ksiazek","year":"1989"},{"key":"R14","series-title":"Ophthalmology","first-page":"313","article-title":"Ocular complications of Rift Valley fever outbreak in Saudi Arabia","volume":"112","author":"Al-Hazmi","year":"2005"},{"key":"R15","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"554","article-title":"Rift Valley fever encephalitis","volume":"10","author":"Alrajhi","year":"2004"},{"key":"R16","series-title":"Am J Gastroenterol","first-page":"S92","article-title":"Liver involvement in patients with moderately severe Rift Valley fever","volume":"98","author":"Ayoola","year":"2003"},{"key":"R17","series-title":"J Egypt Public Health Assoc","first-page":"183","article-title":"Clinical studies on Rift Valley fever. 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