{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:32:50Z","timestamp":1791423170031,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> species in Mazandaran Province of Iran by using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR)\/restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods and sequencing analysis. Blood samples (n = 119) were collected from humans suspected of having leptospirosis from different parts of the province in 2007. By using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT), we determined that 35 (29.4%) of 119 suspected cases had leptospiral antibody titers \u2265 1:80, which confirmed the diagnosis of leptospirosis. Nested PCR assay also determined that 60 (50.4%) of 119 samples showed <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> infection. Furthermore, 44 (73.3%) of 60 confirmed leptospirosis amplified products were subjected to sequencing analysis. Sequence alignment identified <jats:italic>L. interrogans<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>L. kirschneri<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>L. wolffii<\/jats:italic> species. All positive cases diagnosed by IFAT or PCR were in patients who reported contact with animals, high-risk occupational activities, and exposure to contaminated water. Therefore, it is important to increase attention about this disease among physicians and to strengthen laboratory capacity for its diagnosis in infected patients in Iran.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,4]],"date-time":"2010-05-04T01:02:37Z","timestamp":1272934957000},"page":"899-903","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Molecular Epidemiology of Leptospirosis in Northern Iran by Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction\/Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and Sequencing Methods"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Sedigheh","family":"Zakeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neda","family":"Sepahian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandana","family":"Afsharpad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behzad","family":"Esfandiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peyman","family":"Ziapour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navid D.","family":"Djadid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"757","article-title":"Leptospirosis a zoonotic disease of global importance","volume":"3","author":"Bharti","year":"2003"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"2219","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Leptospira spp. in clinical samples","volume":"30","author":"M\u00e9rien","year":"1992"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","first-page":"218","article-title":"Identification of pathogenic Leptospira strains in tissues of a premature foal by use of polymerase chain reaction analysis","volume":"18","author":"L\u00e9on","year":"2006"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Arch Inst Razi","first-page":"25","article-title":"Leptospirose ovine et caprine","volume":"20","author":"Rafyi","year":"1968"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"452","article-title":"Detection of specific anti- leptospiral immunoglobulines M and G in human serum by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"11","author":"Adler","year":"1980"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"537","article-title":"The use of immunofluorescence in the diagnosis of leptospirosis by a genus-specific antigen","volume":"116","author":"Torten","year":"1966"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"J Med Assoc Thai","first-page":"101","article-title":"The diagnosis of leptospirosis by fluorescent antibody technique using saprophytic Leptospira as a genus-specific antigen","volume":"55","author":"Udomsakdi","year":"1972"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"340","article-title":"Evaluation of the immunofluorescent antibody test for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis","volume":"52","author":"Appassakij","year":"1995"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis","first-page":"251","article-title":"A simple and rapid nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique for differentiation of pathogenic and nonpathogenic Leptospira spp","volume":"63","author":"Djadid","year":"2009"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Med Sci Monit","first-page":"219","article-title":"Leptospirosis in Guilan, a northern province of Iran: assessment of the clinical presentation of 74 cases","volume":"11","author":"Mansour-Ghanaei","year":"2005"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"278","article-title":"The importance of leptospirosis in Southeast Asia","volume":"67","author":"Laras","year":"2002"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"933","article-title":"Human leptospirosis in the Seychelles (Indian Ocean): a population-based study","volume":"59","author":"Yersin","year":"1998"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health","first-page":"197","article-title":"A serologic survey of rice-field leptospirosis in central Luzon, Philippines","volume":"19","author":"Padre","year":"1988"},{"key":"R14","series-title":"Eur J Epidemiol","first-page":"79","article-title":"Epidemiological trend of human leptospirosis in Italy between 1994 and 1996","volume":"16","author":"Ciceroni","year":"2000"},{"key":"R15","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"296","article-title":"Leptospirosis","volume":"14","author":"Levett","year":"2001"},{"key":"R16","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"128","article-title":"Seroepidemiology and serological follow-up of anti-leptospiral IgG in children in southern Vietnam","volume":"106","author":"Thai","year":"2008"},{"key":"R17","series-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo","first-page":"245","article-title":"Human leptospirosis: a twenty-nine-year serological study in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"45","author":"Romero","year":"2003"},{"key":"R18","series-title":"Eur J Epidemiol","first-page":"601","article-title":"Persistence of anti-leptospiral IgM, IgG and agglutinating antibodies in patients presenting with acute febrile illness in Barbados 1979\u20131989","volume":"17","author":"Cumberland","year":"2001"},{"key":"R19","series-title":"J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"268","article-title":"Behaviour of specific IgM, IgG and IgA class antibodies in human leptospirosis during the acute phase of the disease and during convalescence","volume":"98","author":"Silva","year":"1995"},{"key":"R20","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"1215","article-title":"Canine leptospirosis","volume":"18","author":"Wohl","year":"1996"},{"key":"R21","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1452","article-title":"Questions stated prevalence of leptospirosis in dogs","volume":"220","author":"Sasaki","year":"2002"},{"key":"R22","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"187","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis, and leishmaniosis among dogs in Ankara, Turkey","volume":"129","author":"Aslantas","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/82\/5\/article-p899.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/82\/5\/article-p899.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/82\/5\/article-p899.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T15:55:03Z","timestamp":1725292503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/82\/5\/article-p899.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0721","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]}}}