{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:29:49Z","timestamp":1761708589848},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Lymphatic dilatation, dysfunction, and lymphangiogenesis are hallmarks of patent lymphatic filariasis, observed even in those with subclinical microfilaremia, through processes associated, in part, by vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs). A panel of pro-angiogenic factors was measured in the plasma of subjects from filaria-endemic regions using multiplexed immunological assays. Compared with endemic normal control subjects, those with both subclinical microfilaremia, and those with longstanding lymphedema had significantly elevated levels of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and angiopoeitins (Ang-1\/Ang-2), with only levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF) being elevated only if lymphedema was evident. Furthermore, levels of these factors 1-year post-treatment with doxycycline were similar to pretreatment levels suggesting a minimal role, if any, for <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>. Our data support the concept that filarial infection <jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic> is associated with elevated levels of most of the known pro-angiogenic factors, with only a few being associated with the serious pathologic consequences associated with <jats:italic>Wuchereria bancrofti<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.10-0039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]],"date-time":"2010-10-01T17:15:08Z","timestamp":1285953308000},"page":"884-890","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Elevated Levels of Plasma Angiogenic Factors Are Associated with Human Lymphatic Filarial 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