{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:07:55Z","timestamp":1790633275413,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We evaluated, through the prospective monitoring of 251 patients at Sadar Hospital in Bihar, India, the effectiveness and safety of 20 mg\/kg body weight of liposomal amphotericin B for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. The treatment success rates for the intention-to-treat, per protocol, and intention-to-treat worse-case scenario analyses were 98.8%, 99.6%, and 81.3%, respectively. Nearly one-half of patients experienced mild adverse events, but only 1% developed serious but non\u2013life-threatening lips swelling. The lost to follow-up rate was 17.5%. Our findings indicate that the 20 mg\/kg body weight treatment dosage is effective and safe under routine program conditions. Given that the exorbitant cost of liposomal amphotericin B is a barrier to its widespread use, we recommend further study to monitor and evaluate a lowered dosage and a shorter treatment course.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.10-0156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,3]],"date-time":"2010-08-03T19:18:56Z","timestamp":1280863136000},"page":"357-364","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Effectiveness and Safety of Liposomal Amphotericin B for Visceral Leishmaniasis under Routine Program Conditions in Bihar, India"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Prabhat K.","family":"Sinha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Roddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Pablo","family":"Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Kociejowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Angeles","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidya Nand","family":"Rabi Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitendra","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nawin","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaurab","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Saint-Sauveur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siju","family":"Seena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manica","family":"Balasegaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Parre\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Communicable Diseases, Kala-Azar status in SEA Region","author":"WHO","year":"2009"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis","first-page":"305","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives","volume":"27","author":"Desjeux","year":"2004"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"763","article-title":"Treatment options for visceral leishmaniasis: a systematic review of clinical studies done in India, 1980\u20132004","volume":"5","author":"Olliaro","year":"2005"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"1104","article-title":"Failure of pentavalent antimony in visceral leishmaniasis in India: report from the center of the Indian epidemic","volume":"31","author":"Sundar","year":"2000"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"564","article-title":"Evidence that the high incidence of treatment failures in Indian kala-azar is due to the emergence of antimony-resistant strains of Leishmania donovani","volume":"180","author":"Lira","year":"1999"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"1117","article-title":"Response to interferon-gamma plus pentavalent antimony in Indian visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"176","author":"Sundar","year":"1997"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Indian J Med Res","first-page":"166","article-title":"Epidemiological, clinical and pharmacological study of antimony-resistant visceral leishmaniasis in Bihar, India","volume":"120","author":"Thakur","year":"2004"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Natl Med J India","first-page":"131","article-title":"Magnitude of unresponsiveness to sodium stibogluconate in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in Bihar","volume":"18","author":"Das","year":"2005"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol","first-page":"561","article-title":"Do the diminishing efficacy and increasing toxicity of sodium stibogluconate in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in Bihar, India justify its continued use as a first-line drug? 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