{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T15:52:06Z","timestamp":1762271526243},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of different tests used for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in asymptomatic subjects living in an endemic area. No gold standard is available for the diagnosis of asymptomatic infection with <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>. In continuation of a previous study, 1,017 subjects living in a VL-endemic area were clinically reevaluated. Of these, 576 had at least one positive serological test in a first assessment. About 3 years after the first evaluation, none of the subjects had progressed to clinical VL. Among this group, 246 subjects were selected, and five serological tests (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay p [ELISAp], ELISArK39, ELISArK26, indirect immunofluorescence test [IIFT] using <jats:italic>L. amazonensis<\/jats:italic> promastigote antigen, and an immunochromatographic test using rK39 antigen [TRALd]) and the Montenegro skin test (MST) were repeated. There was a significant increase in the number of subjects who tested positive in the MST, IIFT, ELISAp, and ELISArK39 in the second evaluation. For all tests, there were subjects who tested positive in the first evaluation and negative in the second evaluation. A positive result in the serological tests and MST in subjects from the endemic area studied did not indicate a risk of progression to VL and may only be temporary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,3]],"date-time":"2011-02-03T17:02:07Z","timestamp":1296752527000},"page":"261-266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Antileishmania Immunological Tests for Asymptomatic Subjects Living in a Visceral Leishmaniasis-Endemic Area in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Luciana Almeida","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor Dardo","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel Ant\u00f4nio","family":"Nogueira Nascentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto Teodoro","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virmondes","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alu\u00edzio","family":"Prata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Manual de vigil\u00e2ncia e controle da leishmaniose visceral","first-page":"1","author":"Brasil Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Departamento de Vigil\u00e2ncia Epidemiol\u00f3gica","year":"2006"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Hospital","first-page":"347","article-title":"Observa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre a transmiss\u00e3o da leishmaniose visceral no Cear\u00e1","volume":"48","author":"Deane","year":"1955"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"997","article-title":"Competence of human host as a reservoir for Leishmania chagasi","volume":"182","author":"Costa","year":"2000"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e536","article-title":"Inaccuracy of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using soluble and recombinant antigens to detect asymptomatic infection by Leishmania infantum","volume":"5","author":"Moreno","year":"2009"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"79","article-title":"Recent research on Kala Azar in East Africa","volume":"67","author":"Manson-Bahr","year":"1964"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"21","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in Somalia: prevalence of leishmanin-positive and seropositive inhabitants in an endemic area","volume":"89","author":"Shido","year":"1995"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"364","article-title":"Familial aggregation of Leishmania chagasi infection in northeastern Brazil","volume":"53","author":"Cabello","year":"1995"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","first-page":"15","article-title":"Asymptomatic Leishmania chagasi infection in relatives and neighbors of patients with visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"92","author":"D'Oliveira","year":"1997"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"1003","article-title":"New perspectives on a sub clinical form of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"154","author":"Badar\u00f3","year":"1986"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"1124","article-title":"Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in northeast Brazil","volume":"166","author":"Evans","year":"1992"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"608","article-title":"Natural history of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi infection in northeastern Brazil: long-term follow-up","volume":"30","author":"Jer\u00f4nimo","year":"2000"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","first-page":"775","article-title":"Molecular characterization of a kinesin-related antigen of Leishmania chagasi that detects specific antibody in African and American visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"90","author":"Burns","year":"1993"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"27","article-title":"Comparative study of serologic tests for the diagnosis of asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area","volume":"81","author":"Romero","year":"2009"},{"key":"R14","series-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop","first-page":"249","article-title":"Intradermorrea\u00e7\u00e3o de Montenegro ap\u00f3s sucessivas repeti\u00e7\u00f5es do teste em Porteirinha, MG","volume":"36","author":"Borges","year":"2003"},{"key":"R15","series-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo","first-page":"227","article-title":"Fluorescent antibody test for the serodiagnosis of American trypanosomiasis. 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