{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:25:35Z","timestamp":1791296735167,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We used a species-specific approach to treat 10 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis diagnosed using polymerase chain reaction. Non-antimony treatments (oral miltefosine, ketoconazole, and liposomal amphotericin B) were chosen as an alternative to pentavalent antimony drugs based on likely or proven drug efficacy against the infecting species. <jats:italic>Leishmania Viannia panamensis<\/jats:italic> was diagnosed in three patients and treated successfully with oral ketoconazole. Miltefosine treatment cured two patients with <jats:italic>L. infantum chagasi<\/jats:italic>. A wide variety of <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> responded to liposomal amphotericin B administered for 5\u20137 days. Three patients with <jats:italic>L. V. braziliensis<\/jats:italic>, one patient with <jats:italic>L. tropica<\/jats:italic>, and two patients with <jats:italic>L. infantum chagasi<\/jats:italic> were treated successfully. One person with <jats:italic>L. V. braziliensis<\/jats:italic> healed slowly because of a resistant bacterial superinfection, and a second patient with <jats:italic>L. infantum chagasi<\/jats:italic> relapsed and was retreated with miltefosine. These drugs were reasonably well-tolerated. In this limited case series, alternative non-antimony\u2013based regimens were convenient, safe, and effective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,6]],"date-time":"2011-01-06T16:27:08Z","timestamp":1294331228000},"page":"109-117","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A Species-Specific Approach to the Use of Non-Antimony Treatments for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Roshan","family":"Ramanathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kawsar R.","family":"Talaat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel 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