{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T12:08:06Z","timestamp":1750939686413},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to establish a correlation between the endemic level of tegumentary leishmaniasis in different regions of Brazil during 2002\u20132009 and the number of cases of mucosal or mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. The proportion of mucosal leishmaniasis was inversely correlated with prevalence of infection. In areas with a lower infection prevalence, the proportion of mucosal leishmaniasis increased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). The hypothesis of an Amazonian origin and dissemination through human migration is considered. Our results show that in regions with lower prevalence and endemically younger, the proportion of cases that evolve to the mucosal form is higher than in regions with higher prevalence and endemically older.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T18:44:22Z","timestamp":1306953862000},"page":"901-905","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Endemic Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in Brazil: Correlation between Level of Endemicity and Number of Cases of Mucosal Disease"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Sandro J.","family":"Bedoya-Pacheco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria H.","family":"Araujo-Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia M.","family":"Valete-Rosalino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria In\u00eas F.","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Armando O.","family":"Schubach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro C. A.","family":"Marzochi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Manual de Vigil\u00e2ncia da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana","first-page":"17","author":"Brasil Minist\u00e9rio","year":"2010"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Cad Saude Publica","first-page":"359","article-title":"Tegumentary and visceral leishmaniases in Brazil: emerging antropozoonosis and possibilities for their control","volume":"10","author":"Marzochi","year":"1994"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mucosal leishmaniasis: current scenario and prospects for treatment","volume":"105","author":"Amato","year":"2008"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"291","article-title":"Wild and synantropic hosts of Leishmania (Viannia) brasiliensis in the endemic cutaneous leishmaniasis locality of Amaraji, Pernambuco State, Brazil","volume":"97","author":"Brand\u00e3o","year":"2003"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","first-page":"239","article-title":"Clinical and immunopathological spectrum of American cutaneous leishmaniasis with special reference to the disease in Amazonian Brazil: a review","volume":"99","author":"Silveira","year":"2004"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Gaz Med Bahia","first-page":"3","article-title":"Epidemiology of leishmaniasis in Brazil","volume":"75","author":"Costa","year":"2005"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Leishmania. Taxonomy and Phyogeny","first-page":"57","author":"Pacheco","year":"1986"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Ann Parasitol Hum Comp","first-page":"107","article-title":"Monophyletic origin of the genus Leishmania Ross, 1903","volume":"68","author":"Tomaz-Soccol","year":"1993"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"296","article-title":"A general classification of New World Leishmania using numerical zymotaxonomy","volume":"50","author":"Cupolillo","year":"1994"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"J Parasitol","first-page":"1250","article-title":"Intraspecific heterogeneity in the mini-exon gene localization of Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis and Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis from Colombia","volume":"86","author":"Pacheco","year":"2000"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Exp Parasitol","first-page":"59","article-title":"Leishmania (Viannia): genetic analysis of cutaneous and mucosal strains isolated from the same patient","volume":"108","author":"Cuervo","year":"2004"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Infect Immun","first-page":"508","article-title":"Multiclonal Leishmania braziliensis population structure and its clinical implication in a region of endemicity for American tegumentary leishmaniasis","volume":"72","author":"Schriefer","year":"2004"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"Exp Parasitol","first-page":"317","article-title":"Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis genotypes identified in lesions of patients with atypical or typical manifestations of tegumentary leishmaniasis: evaluation by two molecular markers","volume":"121","author":"Baptista","year":"2009"},{"key":"R14","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"1278","article-title":"Species diversity of Leishmania (Viannia) parasites circulating in an endemic area for cutaneous leishmaniasis located in the Atlantic rainforest region of northeastern Brazil","volume":"14","author":"Brito","year":"2009"},{"key":"R15","series-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis","first-page":"361","article-title":"kDNA minicircle signatures of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in oral and nasal mucosa from mucosal leishmaniasis patients","volume":"66","author":"Oliveira","year":"2010"},{"key":"R16","series-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop","first-page":"303","article-title":"Identification of Leishmania species isolated in human cases in Mato Grosso do Sul, by means of the polymerase chain reaction","volume":"42","author":"Lima-Junior","year":"2009"},{"key":"R17","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"1388","article-title":"Species diversity causing human cutaneous leishmaniasis in Rio Branco, state of Acre, Brazil","volume":"11","author":"Tojal","year":"2006"},{"year":"2010","series-title":"Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica","author":"IBGE","key":"R18"},{"key":"R19","series-title":"Gaz Med Bahia","first-page":"46","article-title":"Papel do parasita e do hospedeiro na express\u00e3o cl\u00ednica das leishmanioses","volume":"75","author":"Schriefer","year":"2005"},{"key":"R20","series-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis","first-page":"483","article-title":"Recent developments leading toward a paradigm switch in the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to human leishmaniasis","volume":"21","author":"Schriefer","year":"2008"},{"key":"R21","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"55","article-title":"Risk factors for mucosal manifestation of American cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"99","author":"Machado-Coelho","year":"2005"},{"key":"R22","series-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol","first-page":"62","article-title":"Primary laryngeal leishmaniasis: a rare case report","volume":"52","author":"Kumar","year":"2009"},{"year":"2010","series-title":"Portal da Sa\u00fade. Profissional e Gestor. Sinan. Relat\u00f3rios Gerenciais","author":"Brasil","key":"R23"},{"key":"R24","series-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo","first-page":"321","article-title":"Mucosal leishmaniasis (\u201cespundia\u201d) responsive to low dose of N-methyl glucamine (Glucantime) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","volume":"42","author":"Oliveira-Neto","year":"2000"},{"key":"R25","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"266","article-title":"Treatment of mucosal leishmaniasis in Latin America: systematic review","volume":"77","author":"Amato","year":"2007"},{"key":"R26","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"S111","article-title":"Genetic variation in populations of Leishmania species in Brazil","volume":"96","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2002"},{"key":"R27","series-title":"Exp Parasitol","first-page":"681","article-title":"Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis: genetic relationships between strains isolated from different \u00e1reas from Brazil as revealed by DNA fingerprinting and RAPD","volume":"80","author":"Gomes","year":"1995"},{"key":"R28","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"3126","article-title":"Genetic polymorphism and molecular epidemiology of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis from different hosts and geographic areas in Brazil","volume":"41","author":"Cupolillo","year":"2003"},{"key":"R29","series-title":"Int J Epidemiol","first-page":"982","article-title":"American cutaneous leishmaniasis in southeast Brazil: space-time clustering","volume":"28","author":"Machado-Coelho","year":"1999"},{"key":"R30","series-title":"World Health Stat Q","first-page":"213","article-title":"Human leishmaniasis. Epidemiology and public health aspects","volume":"45","author":"Desjeux","year":"1992"},{"key":"R31","series-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","first-page":"527","article-title":"Genomic rearrangements in trypanosomatids: an alternative to the \u201cone gene\u201d evolutionary hypotheses?","volume":"95","author":"Dujardin","year":"2000"},{"key":"R32","series-title":"Hist\u00f3ria, Ci\u00eancias. Sa\u00fade","first-page":"853","article-title":"Sobre a origem e dispers\u00e3o das leishmanioses cut\u00e2nea e mucosa com base em fontes hist\u00f3ricas pr\u00e9 e p\u00f3s-colombianas","volume":"10","author":"Altamirano-Enciso","year":"2003"},{"key":"R33","series-title":"Rev Saude Publica","first-page":"511","article-title":"Modelagem espacial de zonas de risco da leishmaniose tegumentar americana","volume":"38","author":"Aparicio","year":"2004"},{"key":"R34","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"503","article-title":"Evidence for Leishmania (Viannia) parasites in the skin and blood of patients and after treatment","volume":"194","author":"Vergel","year":"2006"},{"key":"R35","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"824","article-title":"Cutaneous scars in American tegumentary leishmaniasis patients: a site of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis persistence and viability eleven years after antimonial therapy and clinical cure","volume":"58","author":"Schubach","year":"1998"},{"key":"R36","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"1018","article-title":"Persistence of Leishmania parasites in scars after clinical cure of American cutaneous leishmaniasis: is there a sterile cure?","volume":"189","author":"Mendonca","year":"2004"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/84\/6\/article-p901.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/84\/6\/article-p901.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/84\/6\/article-p901.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T19:49:06Z","timestamp":1723060146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/84\/6\/article-p901.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0595","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9637"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1476-1645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]}}}