{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T08:29:09Z","timestamp":1788510549313,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Opportunistic parasitic infections such as leishmaniasis are common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and are usually acquired several days after initial diagnosis of HIV infection. Here, we report on a patient who presented with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) caused by <jats:italic>Leishmania tropica<\/jats:italic> as the first and only clinical manifestation of HIV infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case that illustrates that DCL could be the first clinical indicator of HIV infection. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and DCL are becoming frequent opportunistic infections in HIV-infected individuals throughout the world. To date, all documented cases of CL and HIV coinfections have been reported in patients who were known cases of HIV and who subsequently developed CL. In this report, we present a case that illustrates that DCL could be the first clinical indicator of HIV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,6]],"date-time":"2011-07-06T18:34:20Z","timestamp":1309977260000},"page":"64-65","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A Patient Presenting with Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (DCL) as a First Indicator of HIV Infection in India"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Kanika","family":"Khandelwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram Awatar","family":"Bumb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh Dutt","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Himanshu","family":"Kaushal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Lezama-Davila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poonam","family":"Salotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhay R.","family":"Satoskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"896","article-title":"Cutaneous Leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica in Bikaner, India: parasite identification and characterization using molecular and immunologic tools","volume":"76","author":"Kumar","year":"2007"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"J Am Acad 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aspects","volume":"133","author":"Niamba","year":"2006"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Niger J Med","first-page":"112","article-title":"Disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis in HIV positive patient\u2014a case report","volume":"19","author":"Yusuf","year":"2010"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol","first-page":"380","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major involving bone marrow in an AIDS patient in Burkino Faso","volume":"135","author":"Barro-Traore","year":"2008"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","first-page":"487","article-title":"Disseminated American muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis in a patient with AIDS: a case report","volume":"87","author":"Machado","year":"1992"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol","first-page":"268","article-title":"Disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis revealing human immunodeficiency viral infection","volume":"125","author":"Durand","year":"1998"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"334","article-title":"The relation between leishmaniasis and AIDS: the second 10 years","volume":"21","author":"Alvar","year":"2008"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"111","article-title":"Drug resistance in leishmaniasis","volume":"19","author":"Croft","year":"2006"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/85\/1\/article-p64.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/85\/1\/article-p64.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/85\/1\/article-p64.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T19:44:25Z","timestamp":1723059865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/85\/1\/article-p64.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0649","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]]}}}