{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T08:41:05Z","timestamp":1793695265079,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The mosquito-transmitted pathogen West Nile virus (WNV) is not yet present in the Gal\u00e1pagos Archipelago of Ecuador. However, concern exists for fragile endemic island fauna after population decreases in several North American bird species and pathology in certain reptiles. We examined WNV vector competency of a Gal\u00e1pagos strain of mosquito (<jats:italic>Culex quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic> Say). Field specimens were tested for their capacity to transmit the WN02-1956 strain of WNV after incubation at 27\u00b0C or 30\u00b0C. Rates of infection, dissemination, and transmission all increased with days post-exposure to WNV, and the highest rates were observed at 28 days. Infection rates peaked at 59% and transmission rates peaked at 44% (of mosquitoes tested). Vector efficiency increased after day 14. Rates of infection but not of transmission were significantly influence by temperature. No vertical transmission was detectable. We demonstrate that Gal\u00e1pagos <jats:italic>Cx. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic> are competent WNV vectors, and therefore should be considered an animal and public health risk for the islands and controlled wherever possible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,6]],"date-time":"2011-09-06T18:47:57Z","timestamp":1315334877000},"page":"426-433","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["West Nile Virus Vector Competency of Culex quinquefasciatus Mosquitoes in the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Gillian","family":"Eastwood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura D.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon J.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Annu Rev Entomol","first-page":"61","article-title":"A global perspective on the epidemiology of West Nile virus","volume":"53","author":"Kramer","year":"2008"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"474","article-title":"Short report: serologic evidence for West Nile virus transmission in Puerto Rico and Cuba","volume":"73","author":"Dupuis","year":"2005"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica\u2013Pan American J Public Health","first-page":"112","article-title":"West Nile virus activity in Latin America and the Caribbean","volume":"19","author":"Komar","year":"2006"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1497","article-title":"West Nile Virus antibodies in Colombian horses","volume":"11","author":"Mattar","year":"2005"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1559","article-title":"West Nile virus isolation from equines in Argentina, 2006","volume":"12","author":"Morales","year":"2006"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"651","article-title":"West Nile virus, Venezuela","volume":"13","author":"Bosch","year":"2007"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Conservation and Sustainable Development","author":"Invasive Species in Galapagos","year":"2009"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Gal\u00e1pagos Islands. 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