{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:43:20Z","timestamp":1791287000115,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is endemic throughout most of the eastern United States. Although it is transmitted year round in Florida, transmission elsewhere is seasonal. The mechanism that enables EEEV to overwinter in seasonal foci remains obscure. In previous field studies, early season EEEV activity was detected in mosquito species that feed primarily upon ectothermic hosts, suggesting that reptiles and amphibians might represent overwintering reservoir hosts for EEEV. To determine if this might be possible, two commonly fed upon amphibian and reptile species were evaluated as hosts for the North American subtype I strain of EEEV. Neither amphibian species was a competent host. However, circulating viremias were detected in both reptile species examined. Hibernating infected garter snakes remained viremic after exiting hibernation. These data suggest that snakes may represent an overwintering host for North American EEEV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.11-0006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,6]],"date-time":"2011-09-06T18:47:57Z","timestamp":1315334877000},"page":"421-425","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Competency of Reptiles and Amphibians for Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Gregory","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christy","family":"Ottendorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Unnasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"8","article-title":"The economic burden imposed by a residual case of eastern encephalitis","volume":"52","author":"Villari","year":"1995"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"884","article-title":"Endemic Eastern equine encephalomyelitis in Florida: a twenty-year analysis, 1955\u20131974","volume":"25","author":"Bigler","year":"1976"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"J Virol","first-page":"1014","article-title":"Evolutionary patterns of eastern equine encephalitis virus in North versus South America suggest ecological differences and taxonomic revision","volume":"84","author":"Arrigo","year":"2010"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Proc N J Mosq Extermin Assoc","first-page":"120","article-title":"Blood meal preference studies with New Jersey mosquitoes","volume":"49","author":"Crans","year":"1962"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Bull Soc Vector Ecol","first-page":"178","article-title":"Evidence incriminating Coquillettidia perturbans (Diptera: Culicidae) as an epizootic vector of eastern equine encephalitis. 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