{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:24:38Z","timestamp":1787315078547,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A cohort study was designed to assess the impact of mass distribution of azithromycin (MDA) for trachoma control on incidence over six months of pediatric diarrhea in eight communities in rural Tanzania. A single dose of azithromycin was offered to all residents in four communities, where trachoma prevalence was \u2265 10%. Four geographically matched communities had trachoma prevalences &lt; 10% and did not receive MDA. All randomly selected children (n = 1036) were followed-up for six months post-MDA with bi-weekly surveillance at home. In the 0\u20131-month and 1\u20133-month periods, MDA exposure was associated with a 39% (rate ratio = 0.61, 95% confidence interval = 0.39\u20130.95) and 24% (rate ratio = 0.76, 95% confidence interval = 0.54\u20131.07) lower risk of diarrhea, respectively, compared with those unexposed, after adjustment for clustering and covariates. By the 3\u20136-month period, diarrhea incidence was comparable between groups. Thus, MDA was associated with a short-term reduction in diarrheal morbidity in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.11-0046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,5]],"date-time":"2011-10-05T19:30:06Z","timestamp":1317843006000},"page":"691-696","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Association of Mass Treatment with Azithromycin in Trachoma-Endemic Communities with Short-Term Reduced Risk of Diarrhea in Young Children"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Christian L.","family":"Coles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica C.","family":"Seidman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Levens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harran","family":"Mkocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Munoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Br J Ophthalmol","first-page":"563","article-title":"Trachoma: global magnitude of a preventable cause of blindness","volume":"93","author":"Mariotti","year":"2009"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1945","article-title":"Trachoma","volume":"371","author":"Wright","year":"2008"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"1142","article-title":"Effect of a single mass antibiotic distribution on the prevalence of infectious trachoma","volume":"295","author":"Chidambaram","year":"2006"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1296","article-title":"Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis after mass treatment of a trachoma hyperendemic community in Tanzania: a longitudinal study","volume":"366","author":"West","year":"2005"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1962","article-title":"Mass treatment with single-dose azithromycin for trachoma","volume":"351","author":"Solomon","year":"2004"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"2004","article-title":"New steps toward eliminating blinding trachoma","volume":"351","author":"Mariotti","year":"2004"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents","first-page":"259","article-title":"WHO alliance for the global elimination of blinding trachoma and the potential use of azithromycin","volume":"10","author":"Negrel","year":"1998"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Braz J Infect Dis","first-page":"217","article-title":"Antibiotics for the empirical treatment of acute infectious diarrhea in children","volume":"10","author":"Diniz-Santos","year":"2006"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"J Chemother","first-page":"107","article-title":"The role of newer macrolides in the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infection. 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A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"126","author":"Khan","year":"1997"},{"key":"R18","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"338","article-title":"Traveler's diarrhea in Thailand: randomized, double-blind trial comparing single-dose and 3-day azithromycin-based regimens with a 3-day levofloxacin regimen","volume":"44","author":"Tribble","year":"2007"},{"key":"R19","series-title":"Integrated Management of Childhood Illness","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2008"},{"key":"R20","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"395","article-title":"Adverse and beneficial secondary effects of mass treatment with azithromycin to eliminate blindness due to trachoma in Nepal","volume":"35","author":"Fry","year":"2002"},{"key":"R21","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","first-page":"955","article-title":"Impact of community-based mass treatment for trachoma with oral azithromycin on general morbidity in Gambian children","volume":"18","author":"Whitty","year":"1999"},{"key":"R22","series-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol","first-page":"6","article-title":"Antibiotic associated diarrhoea: infectious causes","volume":"21","author":"Ayyagari","year":"2003"},{"key":"R23","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"334","article-title":"Clinical practice. 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