{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T02:47:58Z","timestamp":1777430878796,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Paracoccidioidomycosis has been known for over 100 years, and until now, there were only few estimates of the disease's incidence. We aim to analyze 1,000 cases treated between 1960 and 1999 at Ribeir\u00e3o Preto city, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, where the disease's incidence range detected was 1.6 to 3.7 cases per 100,000 habitants per year (mean = 2.7 cases\/year). We observed a male to female ratio of 6:1 and an age distribution from 3 to 85 years. The acute\/subacute form of the disease accounted for 25.4% of cases. Most of the patients (93.5%) had lived or worked in rural areas before the disease development. Smoking and alcoholism were reported by 64.7% and 37.2% of patients, respectively. Comorbidities identified included tuberculosis (8.3%), Chagas' disease (8.6%), and human immunodeficiency virus\/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (4.2%). The present study revealed an area in Brazil where paracoccidioidomycosis is hyperendemic (has the highest reported incidence of this disease); this endemic area is probably caused by geological and climatic conditions as well as intensive agriculture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.11-0084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,6]],"date-time":"2011-09-06T18:47:57Z","timestamp":1315334877000},"page":"546-550","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Paracoccidioidomycosis Epidemiological Features of a 1,000-Cases Series from a Hyperendemic Area on the Southeast of Brazil"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Fernando","family":"Bellissimo-Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alcyone Artioli","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop","first-page":"297","article-title":"Consenso em paracoccidioidomicose","volume":"39","author":"Shikanai-Yasuda","year":"2006"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e300","article-title":"The neglected tropical diseases of Latin America and the Caribbean: a review of disease burden and distribution and a road map for control and elimination","volume":"2","author":"Hotez","year":"2008"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop","first-page":"480","article-title":"Paracoccidioidomycosis: the dimension of the problem of a neglected disease","volume":"43","author":"Martinez","year":"2010"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Paracoccidioidomycosis","first-page":"109","author":"Wanke","year":"1994"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"J Bras Pneumol","first-page":"1259","article-title":"Primary complex of paracoccidioidomycosis and hypereosinophilia","volume":"35","author":"Martinez","year":"2009"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Med Mycol","first-page":"185","article-title":"A critical analysis of isolation of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis from soil","volume":"38","author":"Franco","year":"2000"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Med Mycol","first-page":"233","article-title":"The habitat of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: how far from solving the riddle?","volume":"39","author":"Restrepo","year":"2001"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"PhD Thesis, Faculdade de Filosofia Ci\u00eancias e Letras de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto","author":"Kotchetkoff-Henriques","year":"2003"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Informa\u00e7\u00f5es de sa\u00fade","author":"Brazil's Health Ministry","year":"2010"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop","first-page":"129","article-title":"Paracoccidioidomycosis: a recently proposed classification of its Clinical forms","volume":"20","author":"Franco","year":"1987"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Rev Microbiol (S\u00e3o Paulo)","first-page":"349","article-title":"Distribui\u00e7\u00e3o geogr\u00e1fica e morbidade da paracoccidioidomicose no Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","volume":"18","author":"Fava","year":"1987"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"J Pneumol","first-page":"129","article-title":"Paracoccidioidomicose. 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