{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T06:56:41Z","timestamp":1778914601009,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The parasite <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic> frequently causes genital lesions in women and could increase the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. This study quantifies the HIV target cells in schistosome-infected female genital mucosa. Cervicovaginal biopsies with and without schistosomiasis were immunostained for quantification of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes (CD3, CD8), macrophages (CD68), and dendritic Langerhans cells (S100 protein). We found significantly higher densities of genital mucosal CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes and macrophages surrounding schistosome ova compared with cervicovaginal mucosa without ova (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.034 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.018, respectively). We found no increased density of Langerhans cells (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.25). This study indicates that <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic> may significantly increase the density of HIV target cells (CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes and macrophages) in the female genitals, creating a beneficial setting for HIV transmission. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to evaluate the effect of anti-schistosomal treatment on female genital schistosomiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.11-0135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,5]],"date-time":"2011-12-05T18:05:03Z","timestamp":1323108303000},"page":"1060-1064","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["HIV Target Cells in Schistosoma haematobium-Infected Female Genital Mucosa"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Peter Mark","family":"Jourdan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sigve Dhondup","family":"Holmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svein 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