{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:32:52Z","timestamp":1787031172811,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We analyzed temporal changes in spatial patterns of active\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in different age groups and associated them with ponds infested with\n                    <jats:italic>Bulinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    snails. A major drought between 2001 and 2009 resulted in drying of ponds that were known sources of infection, and we detected very few or no snails in ponds that were infested in the past. The household-level spatial pattern of infection for children of various age groups in 2009 was contrasted with historical data from 2000. The significant local clustering of high- and low-infection levels among school-aged children that occurred in 2000 was absent in 2009. We attribute the disappearance of significant clustering around historical transmission hot spots to a decade-long drought in our study area. The implications of extreme weather and climate conditions on risk and transmission of\n                    <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and their relevance to control strategies are discussed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.11-0186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,5]],"date-time":"2011-12-05T13:05:03Z","timestamp":1323090303000},"page":"1065-1070","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Impact of Drought on the Spatial Pattern of Transmission of Schistosoma haematobium in Coastal Kenya"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Francis M.","family":"Mutuku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amaya L.","family":"Bustinduy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter L.","family":"Mungai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric M.","family":"Muchiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uriel","family":"Kitron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"41","article-title":"The global status of schistosomiasis and its control","volume":"77","author":"Chitsulo","year":"2000"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Parasitology","first-page":"1665","article-title":"Control of schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa: progress made, new opportunities and remaining challenges","volume":"136","author":"Stothard","year":"2009"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"125","article-title":"Quantification of clinical morbidity associated with schistosome infection in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"86","author":"van der Werf","year":"2003"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis and Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis: Report of a WHO Expert Committee. 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