{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T04:04:18Z","timestamp":1784779458507,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The rK39 rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT) is now being widely used in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) using serum. We evaluated the presence of anti-rK-39 antibody in human saliva being noninvasive to replace the invasive procedures of diagnosis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and ICT assays were performed in 300 subjects: 114-confirmed VL patients, 95 and 47 healthy controls from endemic and nonendemic regions, respectively, and 44 subjects with different diseases. Sensitivity in saliva was 83.3% by ELISA and 82.5% by ICT, compared with 100% for both ICT and ELISA in serum. Specificity in saliva was 100%, 90.5%, and 88.6% with ELISA, and 91.48%, 91.57%, and 84.06% using ICT, in nonendemic, endemic, and different diseases, respectively. In serum, specificity was 97%, 88.5%, and 89% by ELISA and 100%, 94.7%, and 95.5% by ICT in nonendemic, endemic, and different diseases, respectively. Saliva is not suitable for diagnosis of VL because of low sensitivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,4]],"date-time":"2012-04-04T22:40:09Z","timestamp":1333579209000},"page":"598-600","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["rK39 Antigen for the Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis by Using Human Saliva"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Manisha","family":"Vaish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Om Prakash","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaya","family":"Chakravarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyam","family":"Sundar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol","first-page":"19","article-title":"Immunochromatographic strip-test detection of anti-K39 antibody in Indian visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"96","year":"2002"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis","first-page":"593","article-title":"Advances in the treatment of leishmaniasis","volume":"15","year":"2002"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"377","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: new approaches to disease control","volume":"326","year":"2003"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"251","article-title":"Rapid, noninvasive diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in India: comparison of two immunochromatographic strip tests for detection of anti-K39 antibody","volume":"44","year":"2006"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"563","article-title":"Rapid accurate field diagnosis of Indian visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"351","year":"1998"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"533","article-title":"Serological diagnosis of Indian visceral leishmaniasis: direct agglutination test versus rK39 strip test","volume":"100","year":"2006"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"2684","article-title":"Novel noninvasive method for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis by rK39 testing of sputum samples","volume":"47","year":"2009"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol","first-page":"1483","article-title":"Rapid immunochromatographic strip test for detection of anti-K39 immunoglobulin G antibodies for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"15","year":"2008"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"758","article-title":"Reed SG, 1996. rK39: a cloned antigen of Leishmania chagasi that predicts active visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"173"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"27","article-title":"Comparative study of serologic tests for the diagnosis of asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area","volume":"81","year":"2009"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol","first-page":"873","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis: what are the needs for diagnosis, treatment and control?","volume":"5","year":"2007"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"660","article-title":"Agglutinating anti-leishmanial antibodies in the saliva of kala-azar patients","volume":"88","year":"1994"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/86\/4\/article-p598.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/86\/4\/article-p598.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/86\/4\/article-p598.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T17:57:33Z","timestamp":1723053453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/86\/4\/article-p598.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0127","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]}}}