{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:03:57Z","timestamp":1792670637969,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Rabies diagnosis uses a direct fluorescent antibody test (FAT) that is difficult, costly, and time-consuming, and requires trained personnel. We developed a rapid immunochromatographic test (RICT) for the diagnosis of rabies. The efficacy of the RICT was compared with that of the FAT. Brain samples were collected from humans, dogs, cats, and other animals in Sri Lanka (n = 248), Bhutan (n = 27), and Thailand (n = 228). The sensitivity (0.74\u20130.95), specificity (0.98\u20131.0), positive predictive value (0.98\u20131.0), negative predictive value (0.75\u20130.97), accuracy (0.91\u20130.98), and kappa measure of agreement (0.79\u20130.93) were all satisfactory for animal samples and samples preserved in 50% glycerol saline solution. Because the RICT showed high sensitivity but low specificity with human brain samples, it is unsuitable for confirming rabies in humans. No amino acid substitutions were found in the antibody attachment sites of the nucleoprotein gene with FAT-positive, RICT-negative samples. The RICT is reliable, user friendly, rapid, robust, and can be used in laboratories with a modest infrastructure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,4]],"date-time":"2012-04-04T22:40:09Z","timestamp":1333579209000},"page":"736-740","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Evaluation of a Monoclonal Antibody\u2013Based Rapid Immunochromatographic Test for Direct Detection of Rabies Virus in the Brain of Humans and Animals"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Kamruddin","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omala","family":"Wimalaratne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narapati","family":"Dahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pakamatz","family":"Khawplod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susilakanthi","family":"Nanayakkara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karma","family":"Rinzin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devika","family":"Perera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dushantha","family":"Karunanayake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Nishizono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e591","article-title":"Rabies in the 21 century","volume":"4","author":"Wunner","year":"2010"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Bull World Health Organ","first-page":"360","article-title":"Re-evaluating the burden of rabies in Africa and Asia","volume":"83","author":"Knobel","year":"2005"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"J Wildl Dis","first-page":"912","article-title":"Rabies virus in the decomposed brain of an Ethiopian wolf detected by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction","volume":"33","author":"Whitby","year":"1997"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"1117","article-title":"Intravitam diagnosis of human rabies by PCR using saliva and cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"36","author":"Crepin","year":"1998"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"892","article-title":"Nucleic-acid sequence based amplification in the rapid diagnosis of rabies","volume":"358","author":"Wacharapluesadee","year":"2001"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e765","article-title":"More accurate insight into the incidence of human rabies in developing countries through validated laboratory techniques","volume":"4","author":"Dacheux","year":"2010"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e530","article-title":"Emerging technologies for the detection of rabies virus: challenges and hopes in the 21st century","volume":"3","author":"Fooks","year":"2009"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"310","article-title":"Evaluation of a direct, rapid immunohistochemical test for rabies diagnosis","volume":"12","author":"Lembo","year":"2006"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"2","article-title":"Rabies diagnosis for developing countries. 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