{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T17:53:36Z","timestamp":1757699616168},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Post\u2013kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) has important public health implications for transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Clinical and epidemiologic profiles of 102 PKDL patients showed that median age of males and females at the time of diagnosis was significantly different (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.013). A significant association was observed between family history of VL and sex of PKDL patients (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 5.72, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Nearly 33% of the patients showed development of PKDL within one year of VL treatment. The observed time (median = 12 months) between appearance of lesions and diagnosis is an important factor in VL transmission. A significant association was observed between type of lesions and duration of appearance after VL treatment (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 6.59, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001). Because PKDL was observed during treatment with all currently used anti-leishmanial drugs, new drug regimens having high cure rates and potential to lower the PKDL incidence need to be investigated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,4]],"date-time":"2012-06-04T20:16:06Z","timestamp":1338840966000},"page":"959-961","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Clinical Epidemiologic Profile of a Cohort of Post\u2013Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis Patients in Bihar, India"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Vidya Nand Rabi","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alok","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krishna","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dharmendra","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neena","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sushmita","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chandra S.","family":"Lal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naresh K.","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rakesh B.","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niyamat A.","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"87","article-title":"Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis","volume":"3","author":"Zijlstra","year":"2003"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Int J Dermatol","first-page":"85","article-title":"Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis","volume":"34","author":"Ramesh","year":"1995"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"826","article-title":"Endemic kala-azar in eastern Sudan: a longitudinal study on the incidence of clinical and sub-clinical infection and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis","volume":"51","author":"Zijlstra","year":"1994"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Manson's Tropical Diseases","first-page":"87","author":"Manson-Bahr","year":"1987"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser","first-page":"1","article-title":"The leishmaniases. 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