{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T03:39:29Z","timestamp":1773286769445,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in the United States; however, risk factors for infection are poorly defined. We performed a case-control study to identify modifiable risk factors for WNV infection. Case-patients (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 49) had laboratory evidence of recent WNV infection, whereas control-subjects (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 74) had negative WNV serology. We interviewed participants, surveyed households, and assessed environmental data. WNV infection was associated with living in or near Water District X within Gilbert Township (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.2; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.5\u201318.1), having water-holding containers in their yard (aOR 5.0; 95% CI = 1.5\u201317.3), and not working or attending school outside the home (aOR 2.4; 95% CI = 1.1\u20135.5). During this outbreak, WNV infection was likely primarily acquired peri-domestically with increased risk associated with potential mosquito larval habitats around the home and neighborhood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,2]],"date-time":"2012-05-02T21:41:15Z","timestamp":1335994875000},"page":"895-901","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Modifiable Risk Factors for West Nile Virus Infection during an Outbreak\u2014Arizona, 2010"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Katherine B.","family":"Gibney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Colborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Baty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrean M.","family":"Bunko Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tammy","family":"Sylvester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Briggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tasha","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Komatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"MacMillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Delorey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John-Paul","family":"Mutebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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