{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T03:52:42Z","timestamp":1791258762672,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>During infectious disease outbreaks, data collected through health institutions and official reporting structures may not be available for weeks, hindering early epidemiologic assessment. By contrast, data from informal media are typically available in near real-time and could provide earlier estimates of epidemic dynamics. We assessed correlation of volume of cholera-related HealthMap news media reports, Twitter postings, and government cholera cases reported in the first 100 days of the 2010 Haitian cholera outbreak. Trends in volume of informal sources significantly correlated in time with official case data and was available up to 2 weeks earlier. Estimates of the reproductive number ranged from 1.54 to 6.89 (informal sources) and 1.27 to 3.72 (official sources) during the initial outbreak growth period, and 1.04 to 1.51 (informal) and 1.06 to 1.73 (official) when Hurricane Tomas afflicted Haiti. Informal data can be used complementarily with official data in an outbreak setting to get timely estimates of disease dynamics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,9]],"date-time":"2012-01-09T22:56:40Z","timestamp":1326149800000},"page":"39-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":322,"title":["Social and News Media Enable Estimation of Epidemiological Patterns Early in the 2010 Haitian Cholera Outbreak"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Rumi","family":"Chunara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason R.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John S.","family":"Brownstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"33","article-title":"The origin of the Haitian cholera outbreak strain","volume":"364","author":"Chin","year":"2011"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Trop Dis Bull","first-page":"813","article-title":"The analysis of equilibrium in malaria","volume":"49","author":"Macdonald","year":"1952"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Florida woman diagnosed with cholera","author":"CNN U.S.","year":"2010"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Haiti cholera reaches Dominican Republic","author":"BBC News Latin America and Caribbean","year":"2010"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Documentation on Cholera","author":"Republic of Haiti Ministry of Population and Public Health","year":"2011"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1248","article-title":"Transmission dynamics and control of cholera in Haiti: an epidemic model","volume":"377","author":"Andrews","year":"2011"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","first-page":"593","article-title":"Cholera epidemic in Haiti, 2010: using a transmission model to explain spatial spread of disease and identify optimal control interventions","volume":"154","author":"Tuite","year":"2011"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","first-page":"7081","article-title":"Vaccination strategies for epidemic cholera in Haiti with implications for the developing world","volume":"108","author":"Chao","year":"2011"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1731","article-title":"Information technology and global surveillance of cases of 2009 H1N1 influenza","volume":"362","author":"Brownstein","year":"2010"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"1012","article-title":"Detecting influenza epidemics using search engine query data","volume":"457","author":"Ginsberg","year":"2009"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Using Twitter to estimate H1N1 activity","author":"Signorini","year":"2010"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"PLoS Med","first-page":"e151","article-title":"Surveillance sans fronti\u00e8res: internet-based emerging infectious disease intelligence and the HealthMap Project","volume":"5","author":"Brownstein","year":"2008"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"PLoS Med","first-page":"e1000376","article-title":"Participatory epidemiology: use of mobile phones for community-based health reporting","volume":"7","author":"Freifeld","year":"2010"},{"key":"R14","series-title":"Hurricane Tomas Discussion Twenty-Nine","author":"National Hurricane Center","year":"2010"},{"key":"R15","series-title":"The Analysis of Time Series: An Introduction","author":"Chatfield","year":"2004"},{"key":"R16","series-title":"Proc Biol Sci","first-page":"599","article-title":"How generation intervals shape the relationship between growth rates and reproductive numbers","volume":"274","author":"Wallinga","year":"2007"},{"key":"R17","series-title":"J Bacteriol","first-page":"4367","article-title":"Relatedness of Vibrio cholerae O1\/O139 isolates from patients and their household contacts, determined by multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis","volume":"192","author":"Kendall","year":"2010"},{"key":"R18","series-title":"Bull World Health Organ","first-page":"777","article-title":"The relationship of vibriocidal antibody titre to susceptibility to cholera in family contacts of cholera patients","volume":"38","author":"Mosley","year":"1968"},{"key":"R19","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"1473","article-title":"Clinical outcomes in household contacts of patients with cholera in Bangladesh","volume":"49","author":"Weil","year":"2009"},{"key":"R20","series-title":"J Health Popul Nutr","first-page":"733","article-title":"Familial aggregation of Vibrio cholerae-associated infection in Matlab, Bangladesh","volume":"27","author":"Rahman","year":"2009"},{"key":"R21","series-title":"Bull World Health Organ","first-page":"205","article-title":"Cholera in East Pakistan families, 1962\u201363. Pakistan-Seato Cholera Research Laboratory","volume":"32","author":"Cavanaugh","year":"1965"},{"key":"R22","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"949","article-title":"Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of live attenuated Vibrio cholerae O139 vaccine prototype","volume":"345","author":"Killeen","year":"1995"},{"key":"R23","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","first-page":"17486","article-title":"Predicting consumer behavior with Web search","volume":"107","author":"Goel","year":"2010"},{"key":"R24","series-title":"CMAJ","first-page":"1294","article-title":"SARS update","volume":"168","author":"Maskalyk","year":"2003"},{"key":"R25","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"110","article-title":"Real-time estimates in early detection of SARS","volume":"12","author":"Cauchemez","year":"2006"},{"key":"R26","series-title":"Am J Epidemiol","first-page":"509","article-title":"Different epidemic curves for severe acute respiratory syndrome reveal similar impacts of control measures","volume":"160","author":"Wallinga","year":"2004"},{"key":"R27","series-title":"Influenza Other Respi Viruses","first-page":"267","article-title":"Estimation of the reproductive number and the serial interval in early phase of the 2009 influenza A\/H1N1 pandemic in the USA","volume":"3","author":"White","year":"2009"},{"key":"R28","series-title":"Mobile Youth Around the World","author":"Nielsen","year":"2010"},{"key":"R29","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e1206","article-title":"Using web search query data to monitor dengue epidemics: a new model for neglected tropical disease surveillance","volume":"5","author":"Chan","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/86\/1\/article-p39.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/86\/1\/article-p39.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/86\/1\/article-p39.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T18:12:49Z","timestamp":1723054369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/86\/1\/article-p39.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0597","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]}}}