{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T09:51:10Z","timestamp":1778925070253,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Gnathostomiasis is an emerging systemic parasitic disease acquired by consuming raw or uncooked fresh-water fish infected with the advanced third-stage larvae of <jats:italic>Gnathostoma<\/jats:italic> spp. This disease is endemic to the Pacific region of Mexico, and one of its etiologic agents has been identified as <jats:italic>Gnathostoma binucleatum<\/jats:italic>. We characterized the humoral immune response of patients clinically diagnosed with gnathostomiasis by detecting total IgM, IgE, and IgG class and subclasses against a crude extract of the parasite by Western blotting. Our results do not show differences in the antigens recognized by IgM and IgE. However, we found that the specific humoral immune response is caused mainly by IgG, specifically IgG4. We found that 43%, 65.2%, 54.1%, and 26.3% of the patients recognize the 37-kD, 33-kD, 31-kD, and 24-kDa antigens, suggesting that the 33-kD antigen is the immunodominant antigen of <jats:italic>G. binucleatum<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,4]],"date-time":"2012-06-04T20:16:06Z","timestamp":1338840966000},"page":"988-992","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Characterization of the Humoral Immune Response against Gnathostoma binucleatum in Patients Clinically Diagnosed with Gnathostomiasis"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Francisco","family":"Zambrano-Zaragoza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma de Jes\u00fas","family":"Dur\u00e1n-Avelar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maud","family":"Messina-Robles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norberto","family":"Vibanco-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"484","article-title":"Gnathostomiasis, another emerging imported disease","volume":"22","author":"Herman","year":"2009"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Exp Parasitol","first-page":"140","article-title":"Gnathostoma binucleatum: excretion-secretion antigen analysis obtained from advanced third-stage larvae in in vitro culture","volume":"110","author":"Caballero-Garc\u00eda Md","year":"2005"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Ann Inst Biol UNAM","first-page":"99","article-title":"La gnatostomiasis en Mexico: un problema de salud publica","volume":"74","author":"Lamothe-Argumedo","year":"2003"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"J Parasitol","first-page":"1143","article-title":"A new species of Gnathostoma (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) in Procyon lotor hernandezii from Mexico","volume":"91","author":"Bertoni-Ruiz","year":"2005"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Parasitol Int","first-page":"97","article-title":"Molecular identification of the advanced third-stage larvae (ADV L(3)) of Gnathostoma lamothei in Tabasco, Mexico","volume":"59","author":"Hernandez-Gomez","year":"2010"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Exp Parasitol","first-page":"338","article-title":"On the genus Gnathostoma and human gnathostomiasis, with special reference to Japan","volume":"9","author":"Miyazaki","year":"1960"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Exp Parasitol","first-page":"140","article-title":"Gnathostoma binucleatum: excretion-secretion antigen analysis obtained from advanced third-stage larvae in in vitro culture","volume":"110","author":"Caballero-Garcia Mde","year":"2005"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Arch Neurol","first-page":"583","article-title":"Eosinophilic meningoradiculomyelitis caused by Gnathostoma spinigerum. 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