{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T16:02:07Z","timestamp":1792425727616,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Dengue is a viral disease usually transmitted by <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes. Dengue outbreaks in the Americas reported in medical literature and to the Pan American Health Organization are described. The outbreak history from 1600 to 2010 was categorized into four phases: Introduction of dengue in the Americas (1600\u20131946); Continental plan for the eradication of the <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic> (1947\u20131970) marked by a successful eradication of the mosquito in 18 continental countries by 1962; <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic> reinfestation (1971\u20131999) caused by the failure of the mosquito eradication program; Increased dispersion of <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic> and dengue virus circulation (2000\u20132010) characterized by a marked increase in the number of outbreaks. During 2010 &gt; 1.7 million dengue cases were reported, with 50,235 severe cases and 1,185 deaths. A dramatic increase in the number of outbreaks has been reported in recent years. Urgent global action is needed to avoid further disease spread.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,4]],"date-time":"2012-10-04T18:35:11Z","timestamp":1349375711000},"page":"584-593","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":378,"title":["The History of Dengue Outbreaks in the Americas"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Olivia","family":"Brathwaite Dick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"San Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romeo H.","family":"Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"del Diego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betzana","family":"Zambrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo H.","family":"Dayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"500","article-title":"Pathogenic flaviviruses","volume":"371","author":"Gould","year":"2008"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever","first-page":"89","article-title":"Clinical spectrum of dengue infection","author":"George","year":"1997"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Dengue: Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control","first-page":"1","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2009"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control","first-page":"1","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1997"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Comprehensive Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever","first-page":"3","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011"},{"key":"R6","article-title":"Number of reported cases of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), Region of the Americas (by country and subregion) from 1995 through 2010","author":"Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"128","article-title":"The epidemiology of dengue in the Americas over the last three decades: a worrisome reality","volume":"82","author":"San Mart\u00edn","year":"2010"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic: its history and resurgence as a global public health problem","author":"Gubler","year":"1997"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"A Time Line for Dengue in the Americas to December 31, 2000 and Noted First Occurrences","author":"Schneider","year":"2001"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Scott Med J","first-page":"183","article-title":"Some medical aspects of the Darien scheme: was it dengue?","volume":"27","author":"Mc Sherry","year":"1982"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Tropical Medicine: Science and Practice","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dengue: overview and history","author":"Halstead","year":"2008"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Medical Inquiries and Observations","first-page":"104","article-title":"An account of the bilious remitting fever, as it appeared in Philadelphia in the summer and autumn of the year 1780","author":"Rush","year":"1789"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"J Clin Virol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever in the Americas: lessons and challenges","volume":"27","author":"Guzm\u00e1n","year":"2003"},{"key":"R14","series-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica","first-page":"407","article-title":"Dengue in the Americas and Southeast Asia: do they differ?","volume":"20","author":"Halstead","year":"2006"},{"key":"R15","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1460","article-title":"Pandemic dengue in Caribbean countries and the southern United States\u2013past, present and potential problems","volume":"285","author":"Ehrenkranz","year":"1971"},{"key":"R16","series-title":"Am Med Sci","first-page":"307","article-title":"Remarks on epidemic cholera, inebriety, Hemeralopia, colica saturnine and dengue","volume":"3","author":"Forry","year":"1842"},{"key":"R17","series-title":"Am J Med Sci","first-page":"233","article-title":"On dengue","volume":"3","author":"Hays","year":"1828"},{"key":"R18","series-title":"J Hist Med","first-page":"243","article-title":"Chikungunya and dengue: a case of mistaken identity?","volume":"26","author":"Carey","year":"1971"},{"key":"R19","series-title":"Habana","first-page":"26","article-title":"Memoria sobre la epidemia que ha sufrido esta ciudad, nombrada vulgarmente el dengue. 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