{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T04:30:24Z","timestamp":1778214624015,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Helminth infections can potentially confer protection against metabolic disorders, possibly through immunomodulation. In this study, the baseline prevalence of lymphatic filariasis (LF) among subjects without (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 236) and with (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 217) coronary artery disease (CAD) was examined as part of the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological Study (CURES). The prevalence of LF was not significantly different between CAD<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> and CAD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> subjects. The LF antigen load and antibody levels indicated comparable levels of infection and exposure between the groups. Within the CAD group, LF<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and LF<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> subjects had no significant difference in the intimal medial thickness and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein values. However, LF infection was associated with augmented levels of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and interleukin-6 among CAD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> subjects. The LF infection had no effect on serum adipocytokine profile. In conclusion, unlike type-2 diabetes, there is no association between the prevalence of LF and CAD and also no evidence of protective immunomodulation of LF infection on CAD in the Asian Indian population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,2]],"date-time":"2012-05-02T21:41:15Z","timestamp":1335994875000},"page":"828-833","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effect of Filarial Infection on Serum Inflammatory and Atherogenic Biomarkers in Coronary Artery Disease (CURES-121)"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Vivekanandhan","family":"Aravindhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viswanathan","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayagopi","family":"Surendar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maradana Muralidhara","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajamanickam","family":"Anuradha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohan","family":"Deepa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Subash","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1498","article-title":"Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990\u20132020: Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"349","author":"Murray","year":"1997"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Int J Cardiol","first-page":"291","article-title":"Correlation of regional cardiovascular disease mortality in India with lifestyle and nutritional factors","volume":"108","author":"Gupta","year":"2006"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol","first-page":"983","article-title":"Molecular imaging in atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular inflammation","volume":"29","author":"Choudhury","year":"2009"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Am Heart J","first-page":"S453","article-title":"Viruses and atherosclerosis: a critical review of the epidemiologic evidence","volume":"138","author":"Nieto","year":"1999"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Circulation","first-page":"5","article-title":"Link between infection and atherosclerosis: who are the culprits: viruses, bacteria, both, or neither?","volume":"103","author":"Shah","year":"2001"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Immunobiology","first-page":"475","article-title":"Chronic helminth infections induce immunomodulation: consequences and mechanisms","volume":"212","author":"van Riet","year":"2007"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Parasitol Today","first-page":"333","article-title":"A different perspective on global mapping of lymphatic filariasis","volume":"14","author":"Self","year":"1998"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1336","article-title":"Decreased prevalence of lymphatic filariasis among subjects with type-1 diabetes","volume":"83","author":"Aravindhan","year":"2010"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e707","article-title":"Decreased prevalence of lymphatic filariasis among diabetic subjects associated with a diminished pro-inflammatory cytokine response (CURES 83)","volume":"4","author":"Aravindhan","year":"2010"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"J Assoc Physicians India","first-page":"863","article-title":"The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES)\u2013study design and methodology (urban component) (CURES-I)","volume":"51","author":"Deepa","year":"2003"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Diabetologia","first-page":"494","article-title":"Intimal medial thickness of the carotid artery in South Indian diabetic and non-diabetic subjects: the Chennai Urban Population Study (CUPS)","volume":"43","author":"Mohan","year":"2000"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Clin Biochem","first-page":"480","article-title":"Association of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) with carotid intimal medial thickness in subjects with different grades of glucose intolerance\u2013the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES-31)","volume":"41","author":"Gokulakrishnan","year":"2008"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"Eur Surg Res","first-page":"238","article-title":"Ultrasound evaluation of atherosclerosis. 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