{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T08:04:39Z","timestamp":1791187479000,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We describe the geographic distribution and variation in host-pathogen specificity for <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>-infected small mammals collected concurrently from three Hawaiian Islands over a period of 14 years: 1990\u20132003. Four serogroups (Icterohaemorrhagiae, Ballum, Sejroe, and Australis) were identified from the 15,171 animals tested. Serogroup prevalence differed across host species and islands (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001 for each), but not across years. The host associations and biogeographic patterns of <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> in Hawaii indicate a pathogen community shaped by ecological factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.12-0187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]],"date-time":"2012-08-01T21:56:16Z","timestamp":1343858176000},"page":"337-341","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Leptospira Infection Prevalence in Small Mammal Host Populations on Three Hawaiian Islands"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Mayee","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan R.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce A.","family":"Wilcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"296","article-title":"Leptospirosis","volume":"14","author":"Levett","year":"2001"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Human Leptospirosis: Guidance for Diagnosis, Surveillance and Control","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2003"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"255","article-title":"Detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp. infections among mammals captured in the Peruvian Amazon basin region","volume":"63","author":"Bunnell","year":"2000"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e213","article-title":"Human leptospirosis caused by a new, antigenically unique Leptospira associated with a Rattus species reservoir in the Peruvian Amazon","volume":"2","author":"Matthias","year":"2008"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","first-page":"1815","article-title":"High-precision radiocarbon dating shows recent and rapid initial human colonization of East Polynesia","volume":"108","author":"Wilmshurst","year":"2011"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Shoal of Time: A History of the Hawaiian Islands","author":"Daws","year":"1968"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Int J Zoonoses","first-page":"76","article-title":"Leptospirosis in Hawaii: shifting trends in exposure, 1907\u20131984","volume":"13","author":"Anderson","year":"1986"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"61","article-title":"Leptospirosis in Hawaii, 1974\u20131998: epidemiologic analysis of 353 laboratory-confirmed cases","volume":"66","author":"Katz","year":"2002"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"221","article-title":"Leptospirosis in Hawaii, USA, 1999\u20132008","volume":"17","author":"Katz","year":"2011"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Hawaii Med J","first-page":"137","article-title":"A survey of leptospirosis in Honolulu","volume":"2","author":"Alicata","year":"1943"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Public Health Rep","first-page":"171","article-title":"Prevalence of rodent and mongoose leptospirosis on the island of Oahu","volume":"91","author":"Higa","year":"1976"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"826","article-title":"Leptospirosis in rodents and mongooses on the island of Hawaii","volume":"13","author":"Minette","year":"1964"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"Int J Zoonoses","first-page":"173","article-title":"Environmental and biological determinants for the prevalence of leptospirosis among wild small mammal hosts, island of Hawaii","volume":"11","author":"Shimizu","year":"1984"},{"key":"R14","series-title":"Pac Sci","first-page":"257","article-title":"Studies of leptospirosis in natural host populations, 1. Small mammals of Waipio Valley, island of Hawaii","volume":"33","author":"Tomich","year":"1979"},{"key":"R15","series-title":"Leptospirosis: Methods in Laboratory Diagnosis. Revised edition. Publication No. CDC 79-8275","author":"Sulzer","year":"1978"},{"key":"R16","series-title":"Analysis of Longitudinal Data","author":"Diggle","year":"2002"},{"key":"R17","series-title":"Leptospirosis in Man and Animals","author":"Alston","year":"1958"},{"key":"R18","series-title":"Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine","article-title":"Leptospirosis","author":"Bolin","year":"2003"},{"key":"R19","series-title":"EcoHealth","first-page":"1","article-title":"Beyond disciplinary boundaries: leptospirosis as a model of incorporating transdisciplinary approaches to understand infectious disease emergence","volume":"2","author":"Vinetz","year":"2005"},{"key":"R20","series-title":"Leptospira and Leptospirosis","author":"Faine","year":"1999"},{"key":"R21","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"757","article-title":"Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance","volume":"3","author":"Bharti","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/87\/2\/article-p337.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/87\/2\/article-p337.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/87\/2\/article-p337.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T17:34:09Z","timestamp":1723052049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/87\/2\/article-p337.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.12-0187","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]]}}}